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第179章 张居正的一条鞭法来了(1 / 2)

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【我们后人提到张居正改革,一般来说就是张居正在财政方面的改革,即一条鞭法。

所谓一条鞭法其实在嘉靖九年就已经提出来过了。

当时的户部尚书梁材根据桂萼关于“编审徭役”的奏疏,提出革除赋役弊病的方案:“合将十甲丁粮总于一里,各里丁粮总于一州一县,各州县丁粮总于一府,各府丁粮总于一布政司。

而布政司通将一省丁粮均派一省徭役,内量除优免之数,每粮一石编银若干,每丁审银若干,斟酌繁简,通融科派,造定册籍”。

嘉靖十年,御史傅汉臣把这种“通计一省丁粮,均派一省徭役”的方法称为“一条编法”,也即后来的“一条鞭法”。

当时实行较早的首推赋役繁重的南直隶和浙江省,其次为江西、福建、广东和广西,但这时也只限于某些府、州、县,并未普遍实行。

但是由于赋役改革触及官绅地主的经济利益,阻力较大,在开始时期进展较慢,由嘉靖四十年至穆宗隆庆的十多年间始逐渐推广。

但一直中央缺少一个强有力的执政者,这条政策一直难以执行起来,直到张居正的上台。】

“若是实行这个一条鞭法以后,官府直接把赋役清单发给各户,各户直接把赋役交给官府,去除了里长和粮长的重役及痛苦和徇私舞弊、耗损公粮的弊端。”

大唐的臣工能臣们很快就从明朝的这个财政制度看出了精华来。

杜如晦接着分析道:“主要还是降低了课税成本,增加了朝廷赋税收入。”

“对于天幕所讲述的明朝当时的财政状况,这样的改革确实是利大于弊,解决了明朝的财政危机了。”

“但是明朝的皇帝却心中只有仇恨,放弃了这样的好政策。”长孙无忌道:

“所以明朝的皇帝不如我大唐的皇帝啊!”

【张居正当上内阁首辅后,实行军事政治上的改革获得成效后,终于开始对大明朝糜烂已久的财政动手了。

他的“一条鞭法”跟据《明史》记载:合并赋役,将田赋和各种名目的徭役合并一起征收,同时将部分丁役负担摊入田亩。

将过去按户、丁出办徭役,改为据丁数和田粮摊派;赋役负担除政府需要征收米麦以外的,一律折收银两;农民及各种负担力役户可以出钱代役,力役由官府雇人承应;赋役征收由地方官吏直接办理,废除了原来通过粮长、里长办理征解赋役的“民收民解”制,改为“官收官解”制。

具体来讲就是:

清丈土地,扩大征收面,使税赋相对均平。

针对当时存在的占地多者田增而税减的情况,只有从清丈土地入手,才能做到赋役均平。

仅据部分清丈的结果,就增加了土地将近三亿亩,使不少地主隐瞒的土地缴了税。】

“天幕总是说我大明隐民众多,财政糜烂。”

朱元璋有点自嘲的叹了一口气道:“咱只是体谅农民耕作收成不易,将赋税定的并不高。”

“咱知道,咱这的规矩是一个规矩,下面的规矩又是一个规矩。”

“皇帝老子定的高了,俗话说皇权不下乡。下面的地主们又是一副样子啊!”

朱标很懂老爹的这种为民着想的心思,道:“所以这位张先生先将自己的势力遍布朝野之后,才敢实行这样的政策。”

“这也是付出了很大的勇气啊!”

明知不可为而为之,这样的人值得敬佩的。

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