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第2章 废除跪礼(1 / 2)

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一场轰轰烈烈的北伐战争落幕了,虽然以刘纬的失败而告终,可此番战役,蜀军的损失却并不大,物资消耗较多,人员伤亡较少。

况且,这次的大战,基本是在曹操的地盘上进行的,战乱并未波及蜀中,因此益州之地,很快便恢复了往日的平静,仍是一片繁华,蒸蒸日上!

兴鼎元年初,刘纬也是终于处理好了,因为送世子刘瑾去邺城做人质,以及颁布《王室典谕》所带来的琐碎烦忧,安定了后宫,正式迎娶月荷入府为良娣,可以腾出手来,大搞一番社会改革和经济建设了!

刘纬所要搞的第一项改革,关乎于礼制,他居然想要废除跪礼!

跪拜之礼,是一种彰显地位不平等和特权的非常礼节,古已有之!

不过,有人认为,这种礼节,并非中国所特有,乃是外邦蛮夷所传,也就是所谓的“中华无跪礼”之说。他们还搬出了许多古代画卷,根据上面所描绘的场景,振振有词地说,中国古代,其实跪礼并不普遍!

这种说法,不过是博人眼球,哗众取宠,故意标新立异罢了!实际上,跪礼早在周朝就已经存在,并一直伴随着整个封建王朝发展史,随着君主专制制度的加强,而一直被强化!

在唐代以前,我们的先人,都是席地而坐,也就是“跪坐”的形式,如今的日本和韩国,依然深受汉文化影响,保留着这样的习惯,只要看看他们,也就大概知道,汉代人,究竟是怎么坐的了!

所以,有些人便认为,在唐代以前,没有跪礼,所谓的跪,就是坐,换句话说,臣子在皇帝面前,都是坐着,而非跪着!

这种说法……也对,但是却很片面!汉朝大臣,在上朝时,确实可以席地跪坐于大殿两侧,可是他们面见天子时,却是必须先行跪拜之礼后,才能入座!因此,跪坐的形式,与跪拜礼根本不矛盾,它们是同时存在!

唐代以后,因为民族融合的原因,中国逐渐出现了桌椅板凳这些比较接近于现代,功能也更舒适实用的家具用品,坐的姿态,也终于开始不再是跪坐,跪与坐的区别也渐渐明显!

由此,跪拜之礼,便显得突兀起来!那么唐宋年间,究竟有没有跪拜礼呢?当然有!虽然唐代大臣,可以坐着与皇帝讲话,宋代大臣,可以站着和皇帝讲话,但在此之前,他们还是需要跪拜行礼的!

历史发展到明清时期,随着君主专制的逐渐加强,尤其是到了清代,大臣面见皇帝,基本上都是跪受机宜,皇帝上朝时,大臣也一直都是跪着的,连站都站不起来,更别说坐着了!

比如清代,皇帝上朝,名曰:叫大起,地点是在乾清门广场,而非乾清宫内!不管是寒冬腊月,还是盛夏酷暑,皇帝自己坐在乾清门前,大臣们则无论几品官,都得在地上跪着,朝会开多久,他们就得跪多久!

因此,清代大臣,在去上朝前,必须做足了准备,普遍裹上厚厚的护膝,以使自己能跪得更舒服些,如若不然,任凭你是武林高手,或皮糙肉厚,一跪那么久,也受不了!

由此可见,跪礼古已有之,而且随着朝代更迭,到了清代时,发展到了极限!大臣面见皇帝时是如此,百姓面见官员,或下级面见上级时,也皆如此,概莫能外!

我们都知道,中国古人对于礼制是十分重视的,甚至以此作为文化传承的象征和依据!是“披发左衽”,还是“束发右衽”,看似不起眼的小细节,却是关乎于是否亡国灭种之高度的重要问题!

因此,冷丁让古人改变固有的礼制和习惯,其难度之大,可想而知,也许从此不再让他们下跪,比杀了他们都要痛苦万分!那么,刘纬为什么还要触这个霉头,非要废除跪礼呢?

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