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阎书勤(1860-1900),冠县梨园屯(今属河北省威县)人,领导了冠县起义。人称“大刀阎书勤“。1900年8月18日阎书勤等被捕拳民被解往临清。

赵三多(1841-1902),领导过冠县起义,打出“扶清灭洋“的旗帜,义和团失败后参加景延宾起义而在此过程中殒命。

朱红灯(?-1899),领导过平原起义,击败县令蒋楷,在森罗殿战斗中战败,后被捕处死。林黑儿(?-1900?),自称“黄莲圣母“,是红灯照的领导者,天津失陷后被俘,不知所终。

王立言(?-1899),今高唐人。自幼爱习拳棒,成年后武艺高强,即组织义和拳,设场授徒,练拳习武,以健身保家。山东义和团主要首领之一,朱红灯死后在山东坚持战斗,后失败被杀。

倪赞清(1862-1902),字翼臣,组织和指挥了着名的廊坊大捷。

曹福田(?-1901),直隶静海人,在静海、南皮、庆云发展义和团,天津义和团首领。在老龙头火车站与八国联军激战。

张德成(1846-1900),高碑店市赵张村人,在独流镇创建“天下第一团“,后率部赴天津与联军战斗。

刘呈祥(1881-1900),别号刘十九,1900年19岁时在天津西郊高家庄设乾字坛,后在天津打击八国联军,天津失陷后仍坚持战斗。

景廷宾(1861-1902),直隶广宗县(今属河北邢台)东召村人,1902年4月同赵三多等在巨鹿厦头寺领导起义,改旗号为“扫清灭洋“,7月失败就义。

义和团运动的领导阶级是农民阶级,基本群众是农民和小手工业者,提不出切合实际的革命纲领。最初,他们是以“反清复明“为宗旨,屡遭清政府的镇压。在严重的民族危机面前,义和团把斗争的矛头直指帝国主义,提出了“扶清灭洋“的口号。由于农民阶级的局限性,没有先进阶级的领导,以慈禧太后为首的清政府,为了躲开义和团运动打击锋芒,被迫采取假宣战,真投降的欺骗手法,对外投降帝国主义,对内镇压义和团运动,使义和团处于内外夹攻的境地。在国内外敌人的夹击下遭到了失败。

客观原因:中外反动势力的联合绞杀(即主要原因)

主观原因:“扶清灭洋“中的“扶清“使义和团丧失了应有的警惕,盲目的排外。

义和团运动的高潮虽说为期不过三个月,并且最终还在清政府的叛卖下,在中外反动势力的镇压下陷于失败,但是,它的丰功伟绩却是昭昭在人耳目的。它的功绩,概括起来说是:阻止了帝国主义列强瓜分中国,保存了中国几千年来的悠久文化,阻止了一场帝国主义战争的可能爆发,促进了中国广大人民群众的觉醒并成为“五十年后中国人民伟大胜利的奠基石之一“。这些功绩,主要是在中国方面;不过其中有些也涉及到了世界方面,具有了世界历史意义。

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