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第八十章 梦境,火药(2 / 2)

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咸平三年,行伍出身的神卫队长唐福进献其自制的火箭、火球、火蒺藜等火器。咸平五年,冀州团练使石普也制成了火箭、火球等火器,并做了表演。

火药兵器出现在战场上,预示着战争方式将发生一系列的变革,冷兵器将向火器过渡。

火药武器的最初形式,主要是利用火药的燃烧性能。《武经总要》中记录的早期火药兵器,没有脱离传统火攻中纵火兵器的范畴。而随着火药和火药武器的发展,逐步过度到利用其爆炸性能。

硝酸钾、硫磺、木炭粉末混合而成的火药被称为黑色火药。这种混合物极易燃烧,而且烧起来相当激烈。如果火药在密闭的容器内燃烧就会发生爆炸。

这章没有结束,请点击下一页继续阅读!宋朝时普遍用于战场的火器威力较小的有蒺藜火球、毒药烟球。威力较大的有霹雳炮、震天雷。

庆历四年,曾公亮主编的《武经总要》记录了三种火药配方,以不同的辅料,达到易燃、易爆、放毒和制造烟幕的不同目的。

战争促进了促进了火药和火药兵器的发展。南宋时期出现了管状火器,绍兴二年,陈规发明了火枪。这种火枪由长竹竿作成,先把火药装在竹竿内,作战时点燃火药喷向敌军。

开庆元年,寿春的工匠制成了突火枪。突火枪,又被称为突火筒,是用粗竹筒作的。这种管状火器与火枪不同的是,火枪只能喷射火焰烧人,而突火枪内装有‘子巢’,火药点燃后产生强大的气体压力,把‘子巢’射出去。“子巢”就是原始的子弹。突火枪开创了管状火器发射弹丸的先声。

到了元明之际,这种用竹筒制造的原始管状火器改用铜或铁来铸造,称为‘火铳’。元朝至顺三年制铜火铳,是世界上现存最早的有铭文的管状火器实物。

到了明朝,作战火器方面又有了新的发展。比如‘多发火箭’,有能够同时发射十支箭的‘火弩流星箭’;发射三十支箭的‘一窝蜂’;最多可发射一百支箭的‘百虎齐奔箭’等。这是世界上最早的多发齐射火箭,堪称是现代多管火箭炮的鼻祖。qqxsnew

其中值得一提的是一种叫“火龙出水”的火器,是当时水战中使用的。根据《武备志》的记载,这种火器可以在距离水面三、四尺高处飞行,远达两三里。主体是用竹木制成,在外壳上绑缚四支大‘起火’,火箭腹内藏数支小火箭,大‘起火’点燃后推动箭体飞行,‘如火龙出于水面’。火药燃尽后点燃腹内小火箭,从口部射出。击中目标将使敌方人船俱焚。可以说,这是世界上最早的二级火箭。

还有一种叫‘神火飞鸦’的火器,用细竹篾绵纸扎糊成乌鸦形,内装火药,由四支火箭推进,它是世界上最早的多火药筒并联火箭,它与今天的大型捆绑式运载火箭的工作原理很相近。”

王镡一边听着教授的讲述,一边默默地将这些知识记录在脑海中,正当教授讲到火药的配方的时候,画面开始碎裂,声音变得缥缈起来。

“都尉!都尉!”

王镡听出来了,这是王湔的声音。王镡费力地睁开眼睛,虚幻的梦境彻底消失了。

中军大帐的天棚出现在王镡的视野中,然后就是王湔焦急的脸,而坐在床边的张蒲则正在给自己施诊。

“醒了!都尉醒了!”

“太好了!太好了!”

这是王镡才发现,帐内不光只有王湔和张蒲两人,韩骞、马元思、周熠、郑子晋,还有李肃杰都在。

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