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第301章 畅游金陵(2 / 2)

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玄武湖位于金陵东北城外,由玄武门和解放门与市区相连。湖周长约15公里,总面积达444公顷,其中陆地面积为49公顷,占湖水面积的九分之一。

而湖中有五个小洲(环洲、樱洲、梁洲、翠洲、菱洲),故又名“五洲公园”。

各洲之间有堤桥相通,公园里建有儿童乐园、展览馆、露天剧场、动物园等一系列场所。

另外还设有食品商店、小饭馆、饮料部等供游人享用,这里湖水终年清澈,各洲碧草如茵,繁花似锦,风景如画。

湖岸有南京最大的水上乐园和情侣园(又称药物园),环境幽静,风景迷人。

它在六朝以前称桑泊,晋朝时称北湖,是训练水军的场所。

历史上除了训练水军之外,它一直是帝王大臣们的游乐地,1909年辟为公园。当时称元武湖公园,还曾称五洲公园、后湖等。宋文帝元嘉二十五年(448)五月,因见湖中有黑龙,便改名为玄武湖。

明朝朱元璋建都金陵后,曾在玄武湖建黄册库,贮藏全国户口粮赋簿册,1911年玄武湖辟为公园。

在金陵第五天,何凡在徐若柳三人的推荐下去了明孝陵。

明孝陵在金陵市东郊紫金山南麓独龙阜玩珠峰下,茅山西侧,明开国皇帝朱元璋和皇后马氏合葬于此。

陵墓的神道从四方城开始。四方城是一座碑亭,位于卫桥与中山陵之间,是明成祖朱棣为其父朱元璋建的“大明孝陵神圣功德碑”。其顶部已毁,仅存方形四壁,内有立于龟趺座上的石碑一块,碑高8。78米。碑文由朱棣亲撰,计2746字,详述明太祖的功德。

明孝陵的朱红大门坐北朝南,正对梅花山,门额上书“明孝陵”三字。门外东侧立有一个石刻告示,系清宣统年间两江洋务总局道台、江宁知府以六国文字刻着“治隆唐宋”四个金字,是清康熙帝第三次南巡时亲笔题书。碑亭后原建有两御亭,西边叫宰牲亭,东边的称具服殿,今均已毁坏,仅存一些石柱和石井栏等。在原享殿的位置上尚可见到64个石柱的基础,由此可以想象当年享殿的规模是很大的。

甬道尽头有石桥,称大石桥,又称升仙桥,意思是过了此桥即为“仙界”。

桥北是一座宽75米、高16米、进深31米的城堡式建筑,称方城。方城以大条石砌成,正中开拱门式斜隧道,有台阶可步入,计54级台阶。

出隧道东西各有石级可登城顶。城顶原建有宫殿式建筑明楼,明楼顶部及木质结构已毁,现仅存四面砖墙,南面有拱门3 个,另三面各有拱门一道。

在方城顶上极目远眺,东面有中山陵,南面是梅花山,西面有中山植物园,北面是“宝顶”,四周树木葱茏,松涛阵阵,不禁令游人发思古之幽情。

宝顶是一个直径约400 米的圆形大土丘,即朱元璋和马皇后合葬的地宫,它的四周有条石砌成的石壁,其南边石壁上刻有“此山明太祖之墓”七个大字。

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