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第201章 何谓华夏(1 / 2)

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在莫莎的飞船上,有时候张晓辰会不自觉的发呆,在停下来思考的瞬间,回想起这些年经历的一切,他不知道这世界如何就发展到了现在这样,华夏五千多年的历史文化在现在的世界发展成了新的形式存在并衍生着。

华夏文化是以诸子百家文化为主流,兼收并蓄,百花齐放,是全方位的文化。也是世界上最古老的文明之一和世界上持续时间最长的文明。

夏,大也。中国有礼仪之大,故称夏;有服章之美,谓之华。华,夏一也。华夏皆谓中国,而谓之华夏者,言有礼仪之大,有服章之华也。中国者,聪明睿知之所居也。万物财用之所聚也,贤圣之所教也,仁义之所施也,诗书礼乐之所用也。“亲被王教,自属中国,衣冠威仪,习俗孝悌,居身礼义,故谓之中国”。

华夏文化的思想核心是神道设教、礼乐教化,严华夷之辨,推崇仁义礼智信。易学是中华文化博大精深的根本。

距今约五千年,中国黄河流域和长江流域,活动着许多部落。炎帝和黄帝,是中国古老传说中黄河流域着名的部落首领,那时候,部落之间经常发生战争。东方有强大的蚩尤部落,相传他们以铜作兵器,勇猛异常。黄帝部落联合炎帝部落,在诼鹿一战中大败蚩尤。从此,炎帝、黄帝部落结成联盟,经过长期发展,形成日后的华夏一族。

华夏族历史,从炎黄二帝开始,之后是颛顼、帝喾、尧、舜和夏商周三代。在周朝之前便有“华”或者“夏”的单称。从西周开始出现华与夏的连称。

汉族往海外移民时自称华夏人,由此产生“华人”一词。“华人”一词最初指汉族,但随着华夏文化扩展到全国,“华人”的概念渐由当初单指华夏族,扩展到受中华文化影响的周边少数民族身上。并成为了全体中华民族之人的代称,其下包括了“中国人”以及海外“华侨”。

华夏也称“夏”、“诸夏”,又称为“华”或“诸华”。是古代居住于中原地区的汉民族的自称,以区别四夷(东夷,南蛮,西戎,北狄)。如《左传》襄公十四年记载姜戎子驹支说:“我诸戎饮食衣服不与华同,贽币不通,语言不达。”

在周朝时,凡遵周礼、守礼义之族人,称为华人、华族、夏人、夏族,通称为诸华、诸夏。古籍中将“华”、“夏”作为中原,“夷”与“裔”作为四方。华夏又称中华、中夏、中土、中国。

黄帝和炎帝在中原为争夺部落联盟首领而爆发了阪泉之战,炎帝部落战败,并入黄帝部落,炎黄联盟初具雏形。

炎黄集团以炎帝部落和黄帝部落为主体,他们在涿鹿之战中打败了九黎族首领蚩尤带领的东夷集团与苗蛮集团联军,将华夏联盟的势力扩大至今日的山东境内,并与山东境内的东夷集团的其他部落组成了更庞大的华夏部落联盟,华夏族源流基本固定。公元前2100~前770年华夏族先后建立了夏朝、商朝、周朝。

公元前221年秦朝结束了自春秋战国以来群雄割据的局面。汉族于先秦时期自称华夏,从汉朝开始又逐渐出现了“汉人”这个称谓。但华夏这个称谓仍然延续至今。二十世纪之前使用得最多的称谓是”华夏人“。比如汉朝多以”华夏人“自居,而明朝即以“汉人”自居也以“华夏人”自居,两个词为同义词。总之,汉族和华夏族作为整体族称是自从汉朝到现在最普遍的。

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