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第一百四十一章 府兵(1 / 2)

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府兵制是所有搞西魏北周隋唐史研究都绕不开的课题,日本京都学派着名史学家谷川道雄干脆提出了府兵制国家论:即西魏——北周——隋唐这一系列发源于关陇地区的王朝本身就是由府兵集团建立的,即在乡里有影响力的地方豪右通过将自己的武装力量直属于天子来打碎旧的阶层壁垒,博取自身上升通道。

通常认为,西魏大统九年(公元543年)宇文泰在邙山之战后损失惨重,开始在各州建立乡帅募兵是府兵制的开始,当时承担募兵任务的是深受宇文泰信任,并在关陇颇有威望的着姓:比如苏椿、韦瑱、郭彦等人,但是真正带领乡兵加入西魏一方的是比他们声望、地位更低的豪右阶层,这些豪右们沿着府兵别将——统军——军主——大都督——帅都督——都督——开府仪同——大将军——柱国的序列积功升迁。

来护儿、张定和、樊子盖等人便是他们的杰出代表,从而打破了自魏晋以来上品无寒门下品无世族的局面,同时也支持了关陇系王朝的统一战争。而当时的官阶也证明了这一点,依照唐代官制,一州折冲府折冲校尉麾下不过千余人马,但却是四品官,与一州刺史平级。

而府兵制的崩坏被认为是随着府兵经济和政治地位不断下降,府户开始不断逃亡,士气低落,能够征募到的兵额越来越少,最后到玄宗年间已经无兵可征,只能以募兵代替。但身处军中的王文佐却看到了一个更残酷的现实——府户丁壮死的太多了,超出了承担兵役阶层的承受能力。按照唐府兵制的要求,士兵必须自行承担军资、衣装、轻武器和驮畜,能够承担兵役的只有占总人口少数的豪右和富裕农户。

虽说唐太宗、高宗年间唐军的对外战争胜多败少,但架不住大唐三面开花,六诏、吐蕃、吐谷浑、东突厥、西突厥、铁勒、契丹、回鹘、薛延陀、高句丽、百济等国都是大唐的敌人,从贞观四年(630年)征讨突厥算起,三十年来几乎无岁不战。

府户的经济损失可以用减免赋税和赏赐弥补,但死人没法复生,就算生孩子长大也需要时间。王文佐之所以被迫替家主之子从军征百济,就是因为其长子、次子、三子都已经在先前对高句丽、薛延陀战争中战死了,只剩最后一个儿子了。从某种意义上讲,唐初的大规模对外征服战争渐渐的改变了帝国的性质,原本构成帝国中坚的府户集团流干了血,自然也不再是“府兵制国家”。

“那我们应该怎么办?”崔弘度的问题几乎是从嗓子眼里挤出来的,微弱颤抖。

“升上去!”

“升上去?”

“对,如果我们不能升迁上去,早晚会化为一堆枯骨,葬身异乡,就算不在这里,也会在漠北、在安西、在六诏、在吐蕃,早晚的事情!”王文佐低声道:“只有升迁上去,一府折冲、都护、一路总管、中书门下、这样我们的声音才能直达天听,才能改变我们的命运!”

“对,你说得对!”崔弘度被王文佐彻底说服了:“我明白你的意思了,这次护卫金仁问不管多么凶险,但至少有个盼头,总比无休止的和蛮夷厮杀要好!”

泉盖苏文头戴金冠,耳悬金环,脖挂金项链,身着深紫色的锦袍,踏入大厅正门,所有的贵族们都恭谨的向其弯曲膝盖——除了宝座上的高句丽王。泉盖苏文仿佛没有都没有看到,昂首阔步穿过群臣,停在距离宝座只有三步远的地方,高句丽王下意识的向后缩了缩,背脊紧贴坚硬的靠背。

“陛下!我已经在蛇水打败了唐人,杀死了唐人的大将,唐人的军队正在向北退却,靺鞨人正在追击!”

“好,很好!”高句丽王是个削瘦的少年,双肩下削,根本撑不起那华丽的朝服,他竭力挺起胸脯,让自己的声音更有力一点:“大莫离支你此番立下大功,寡人要重重赏赐你!”

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