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第三十一章 唐代宗——李豫(2 / 2)

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在部署平叛的过程中,他也对朝廷上下、宫廷内外的人事关系进行了调整,首先他于丹凤楼颁布大赦制书,随后加封平叛功臣郭子仪、李光弼及李光进等诸道节度使及内外群臣。宣布恢复玄宗时被废黜为庶人的王皇后、太子李瑛、鄂王李瑶、光王李琚等人的封号,被玄宗幽禁而死的棣王李琰、因擅兵被废为庶人的永王李璘等也被昭雪,希望通过对皇室成员的平反昭雪来梳理玄宗、肃宗时期淤结的政治遗留问题,从而寻求开拓进取的途径。

李豫命李适为主帅、仆固怀恩为副帅,统帅河东、朔方及诸道行营、回纥骑兵等共十余万兵力,对自称燕帝的史朝义部叛军发起强大攻势,河南等道副元帅李光弼也率军参战。唐军抵达洛阳北郊,与安史叛军在横水展开决战,叛军大败,被俘杀六万人,史朝义向北溃逃,唐军顺势收复东京、河阳及汴、郑、滑、魏等州。燕相州守将薛嵩举相州,恒州节度使张忠志举赵、定、深、恒、易五州归顺。史朝义走投无路,北入奚、契丹,途中被图谋归唐的燕范阳尹李怀仙追及,被迫自杀,李怀仙斩得史朝义首级来降。自此,历时八年之久的安史之乱平定,安史之乱平定后,李豫同意了仆固怀恩分授原安史旧将镇守河朔的提议,被认为开中晚唐藩镇割据现象之先河。

唐廷为追征江淮地区八年赊欠租调,派豪吏为县令,搜括民间粟帛,农民纷起反抗,其中台州临海人袁晁在翁山率众起义,攻下台州,年号宝胜,连克信、温、明等州,拥众近二十万。江南人方清在歙州率饥民起义。面对浙东接连不断的起义,李豫命镇守临淮的河南副元帅李光弼分兵镇压,浙东起义军接连为李光弼部所败,袁晁本人被俘杀,不久后浙东乱平。

为讨伐安史叛军,唐廷相继召回安西、北庭等地的军队,使吐蕃逐渐向北蚕食,并乘虚深入内地,攻占了陕西凤翔以西,邠州以北的十余州。吐蕃军大举入寇,边将再三告急,宦官程元振都压下不报,投降吐蕃的泾州刺史高晖引导吐蕃军过邻州,寇掠奉天、武功,逼近京师。

李豫获悉此事后,急命雍王李适为关内元帅,同时启用郭子仪为副元帅,出镇咸阳御敌,但为时已晚,李豫匆促逃离京城,到陕州避难,官民逃亡荆襄或藏匿在山谷中。吐蕃占领长安后,立广武王李承宏为帝,劫掠府库市里,纵兵焚闾舍,萧然一空,幸亏郭子仪巧妙与敌周旋,迫使吐蕃退出长安,李豫才返回长安,重赏郭子仪。百官论奏程元振“专权自恣”,贻误军机,李豫遂罢免了程元振官爵,放归乡里,后又流配于江陵。

朔方节度使、大宁郡王仆固怀恩在安史之乱中“与贼百战,阖宗死事至四十六人”,立有大功,却在平乱之后被河东节度使辛云京、宦官骆奉先逼迫,无法向朝廷申辩。仆固怀恩派其子仆固玚攻打辛云京,李豫招抚不成,采纳刑部尚书颜真卿的建议,派长期任职朔方的郭子仪前往招抚朔方军将,仆固玚攻击败辛云京后受阻于榆次,最终被部下杀死。

仆固怀恩声称李豫已经去世,再引吐蕃、回纥、吐谷浑、党项、奴剌等部总共三十万人来犯,约期从华阴趋赴蓝田,直取长安。京师震恐,李豫急召郭子仪屯驻长安北面的泾阳,此时仆固怀恩得暴病死于军中,郭子仪说服回纥与唐军联合,大破吐蕃于灵武台西原,斩首五万,生擒上万人,夺回被吐蕃劫掠的男女百姓四千人,缴获的牛羊驼马绵延三百里内不绝。

李豫优宠宦官,凡宦官奉命出使四方,从不禁止其所求取,即使奉命恩赐妃族,回来后也问宦官所得多少,如果给宦官的财物少,李豫则认为是轻慢天子的使者,“由是中使公求赂遗,无所忌惮”。宰相常贮钱于阁中,每逢中使来赐一物,宣一旨,从未有空手回去的,若宦官出使州县,传送文书取货,“与赋税同,皆重载而归”。李辅国、程元振、鱼朝恩倍受尊宠,权势甚至超过宰臣。

但是,李豫也能惩治飞扬跋扈的宦官,李辅国、程元振先后遭诛贬,观军容宣慰处置使、左监门卫大将军兼神策军使、内侍监鱼朝恩宠幸无比,势倾朝野,凌辱宰相,朝廷政事要是没有他参预,他则愤怒地说:“天下事有不由我者耶!”李豫知群臣皆怨恨他,便与宰相元载密谋,一次禁中宴会,会后将他留下,侍卫把他缢死,对外则声称“朝恩受诏乃自缢”。

李豫病重,不到十天,已无法上朝,命太子李适监国,在长安大明宫紫宸内殿驾崩,享年五十三岁,群臣上谥号为睿文孝武皇帝,庙号代宗,葬于元陵,祔于太庙。

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