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第121章 士绅特权(1 / 2)

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皇极殿。

文武百官,商贾察觉皇帝浑身肃杀之气。

顷刻,顿感大事不妙。

朱由校冷酷的眼眸扫过殿内官吏商贾,从龙椅徐徐起身走到玉阶前,声振屋瓦说:“这阵子,朕花费将近一个月时间,走访北直隶府州县,各府各州各县乡村的见闻让朕大开眼界。”

“以前,朝廷多数百官声称地方政通人和,百姓安居乐业,有部分官吏冒着被贬嫡风险,上奏汇报地方困境,百姓难处,即有官吏弹劾称对方危言耸听,甚至拉拢党羽群起而攻之。”

“当初,朕以为朝廷党争,百官借机互相倾轧,孰料朕亲身实际去调查,赫然发现地方官员,胥吏更腐败,更贪婪,无端加派私税事小,简直不给百姓活路,各地官府,乡绅,无偿使唤百姓做工,导致乡村欠缺劳动力,进而引发粮价飞涨,又遇朝廷催收,百姓困顿,食不果腹。何止活不下去,俨然是白骨蔽于野。”

“一路上,朕时常在想为何北直隶靠近京师,百姓沦落到目前的地步,思前想后,说皇帝不作为,朝廷仍有内阁支撑。”

“朕思前想后,总结出两条缘由,法令不完善,监察缺失,导致地方官绅,勋贵,视法律为无物。更关键,昔年太祖因时制定的政策,经过两百年的变化,早已跟不上时代发展,某些惠民政策成为官吏吸食百姓的辅助器。”

“昔年,大明初立,满目疮痍,百姓要休养生息,太祖为恢复生产,使百姓居有所常,动有所归,劳作有所得,生养有所处,更改历朝历代对待商贾征收重税的策略,反其道而行之,对商贾征收极低赋税,甚至对部分民生休戚相关的产业实施免税政策。”

“朝廷鼓励农桑,轻视商业,试图在国家层面引导百姓全力耕作,孰料太祖未能达成宏愿,却有意外收获。”

“过宽的营商环境和优惠的商业政策,导致从事商业的贩夫走卒越来越多,短短数十载,改变大明初年民生凋敝、百业待兴、百废待举的荒凉景象。”

“史书记载,自太祖以来,南商北贩纵横往来,或栖于秦淮酒肆、眠花问柳;或宿于瓦栏勾当、投骰博技。”

“天下财富出于东南,而金陵实其会也自蒙元腥膻之后,唐宋繁华在此毕显,不意有生之年犹能睹此盛况。”

“当年,太祖为获取官绅支持,施行与士人共治天下的方针政策,在政治、经济方面对士绅作出巨大让步。

譬如官绅田亩数量达到某个标准,即可以免税。有功名者或为官者无需缴纳税赋,从事徭役等。同时,为快速恢复北方经济,大明确立自给自足的农业经济为国家财政基础,重返两汉时代以实物为计量单位的财政制度,国家赋税回到实物收支的原始状态。”

“太祖本身好意,结果呢,享有朝廷财税优惠的士绅,不甘心手中权力凭空浪费,趋利避害又人的天性,所以自重农轻商赋税制度颁布伊始,即有大量百姓以各种形式把自己名下的田地挂靠到士绅,官绅等群体名下,通过向挂靠对象交纳保护费的方式逃避向朝廷缴税的义务。”

“太祖至死都想不到,他原本用以笼络士绅的政策优惠,现在成为成掏空大明财政的利刃。”

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