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第一百三十四章 砚台的发展(2 / 2)

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“大概到了汉代,砚的质地以石为主,此外还出现了陶砚,瓦当砚,漆砚,铜砚等。砚的造型上已初步显示了美化的趋势,形状大多为圆形或三足,足上有的刻花,有的作兽足,造型古朴,也有龟形砚。”

“汉代处于青铜时代末期,汉砚造型具有青铜化的特征,特别是三足砚的造型。这个时期,纹饰也多受同期其他艺术形式的影响。”

“而到了唐代,我们手中的端砚,还有诸如歙砚一类的砚石便开始问世了。”

“唐代石砚已经开始讲究石材,尤其是隋唐时期,因科举制度的诞生和完善,天下文人对砚台的需求量大大增多,为了适应供小于求的砚台市场,很多地区就地取材,使得石质砚材有突出的发展。”

“其中,红丝石,端石,歙石和洮河石,已被用来制砚,红丝砚,端砚,歙砚,洮砚等优质砚材纷纷问世。同时,澄泥砚在唐代也开始制作,并且盛于唐,澄泥砚也成为皇室贵族和文人的专属物品。”

“在这个时间里,制砚工艺也有很大的进步,砚的造型由单纯的圆形三足式,发展出了圈足,多足,辟雍以及极具时代特征的箕形砚等。”

李阳一边解释着,一边把手中的端砚石翻了个面,继续用极细的刀刃在上面雕刻着什么。

同时,继续补充:

“到了宋代,文化学术高度发达,文人学士们对文具的实用和审美要求也相对提高。书写之余,鉴赏和收藏名砚成为文人的一大乐事,咏砚,赞砚,铭砚的诗文层出不穷。”

“宋代士人更重视砚,尤其推崇端砚与歙砚。除了注重石质外,还对砚的造型十分讲究,趋于多样化。宋砚开始从单一的文房用品逐渐发展为欣赏与使用相结合的艺术品了。”

“宋砚款式非常丰富,不下百种。但最有特色,存世最多,最能代表宋砚流行的还数抄手砚。”

“所谓抄手,即可用手抄砚底截取而得名,抄手砚虽少纹饰,但线条简洁洗练,每一边缘都刚劲挺拔。它的端方四直和内敛精雅的风尚正体现了宋代文人士大夫的理性情怀。”

“从明代开始,砚的制作和工艺装饰发生了极大的变化,它的功能由实用为主变成了以艺术为主,进而成为一种收藏品,开创了追求风韵文人砚雕的先河。”

“这个时期,砚台不再仅是挥毫泼墨时的工具,更是置于案头的一件玩物。”

“明代的砚台造型端庄厚重,纹饰不甚繁丽,大件制作居多。文人在砚上镌诗、题铭之风在明代大为盛行,因此砚台的艺术价值逐渐超越了其使用价值,收藏砚台也成了达官贵人附庸风雅的利器。”

“而后,到了清代,砚台的雕琢工艺走向巅峰。”

“清砚被视为中国砚史的巅峰之作不论是从取用,造型,纹饰,雕琢工艺还是题铭等方面,都超越前代达到了砚史高峰。”

“再到如今,随着科学技术的发展,砚台这种古朴的文具已经逐渐被抛弃在了历史的长河之中,成为了一段佳话。”

“现在的砚台,用途也只是为了收藏。”

一众网友们听着,逐渐理解了情况。

万万没想到,这看似不起眼的砚石,里面居然藏了那么多的过往。

以砚台的发展来看,完全可以算得上是一部华夏的文明进化史。

几乎各朝各代,砚台的发展都会随着人们的需求而产生各种各样的变化。

“哇塞,绝了,站主是怎么知道这么多东西的?”

“对啊,之前我就想说了,站主这历史也太好了点吧?感觉和假的一样。”

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