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闵智亭《全真正韵跋》:“道教经韵乐章是赞颂之辞,演音之韵,由诸天赞诵,合钧天妙乐,融融和和而成的自然之章”。

经韵乐章实际上是将道教经词配上曲调进行演唱的一种道教歌章。

作为道教音乐的重要组成部分,不仅被广泛运用于道教各类科仪活动,而且与之融为一个有机的整体。

纵然每首经韵有相对的独立性,而一旦置其于科仪活动之中则有一种章节式的结构功能,从而扩大了科仪的外向表现形式,充盈科仪活动的丰富内涵。

从现知的史料来看,道教的经韵乐章最早产生于北魏。

此前,道教经典全部是喻理和喻事性的文章,只能念诵不能演唱。

寇谦之在改革旧天师道时,首先将经文造为诗赋或韵文,使之依文字的四声关系产生一些有规律的韵调,从而具备了一定的音乐特性。

在此基础上,寇谦之仿效宫廷祭祀乐章的结构形式,把道教义理缩约其内制定出了道教的第一部《经韵乐章——云中音诵新科之诫》。

经韵乐章的产生是道教科戒仪范趋向完善化的一个重要标志,在道教音乐史上具有划时代的意义。

大家都知道道教有经文,了解更多的朋友应该会知道早晚课,经韵的一个日常化的作用就是用于早晚课上,经是文字,那么韵就是音律,道教在诵经的过程中通常会使用到很多的打击乐器。

经韵就是一种道教音乐的形式,每一种韵就代表了一种不一样的唱腔,同样经韵也是道教入门必须要熟悉和掌握的技能。

诵经并不是大家以为的单纯的念字,前面有负责乐器和负责引经的人,结合当地方言的特点在发展的过程了产生了很多不同的经韵,比如江浙韵,广成韵,十方韵、西北韵,东北韵等等。

因为经韵的发音和音律不同,不利于道教十方丛林的道友讨论和交流,于是在建立十方丛林的过程中,产生了一通用于十方丛林道观,被大家都接受和了解的经韵——十方韵。《重刊道藏辑要·全真正韵》是十方韵的正规范本。

道教经韵作为全真派科范仪式的重要音乐形式,实际上是文人雅士的思想观念、文化意识、理想追求和音乐审美的反映。

经韵中的经词,其内容遵循“性命双修”、“成仙证真”的宗教信仰和“识心见性”、“除情去欲”的修行指南,倡导一种“清静无为”、“济世利民”的基本教义,所以在词格的形式上,以语言精炼、形象鲜明、句格规整而形成其特征,展现出儒士之风;

其次,经韵起着烘托宗教氛围,渲染法事内容的作用,并贯串于科仪之始终。

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