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农业

农业是东帝汶经济的重要组成部分,全国有66%的家庭从事农业活动,80%以上的人口依赖农业,农业产业占地21.9万公顷。但东帝汶农业不发达,粮食不能自给。东帝汶在多个地区进行了河床整治,重整了灌溉系统,促进了水稻种植面积和产量的增加。主要的农产品有玉米、稻谷、薯类等,经济作物有咖啡、魔芋、椰子等。据粮农组织作物和粮食供应评估团发布评估报告,预测2021年东帝汶玉米、水稻和块根作物(谷物当量)的产量约为吨,比过去五年平均水平高出近8%。东帝汶年产咖啡7000-吨,是政府收入和外汇的重要来源。

2020年,东帝汶咖啡出口1461吨,金额392万美元,同比分别大幅下降79.2%和78.6%。

财政金融

2020年财政收入4.41亿美元,支出16.81亿美元。东帝汶设有中央银行(BCTL),有1家国家商业银行(BNCTL)。有4家外国商业银行,分别是葡萄牙储蓄总社(Caixa Geral de Depósitos,CGD/BNU)、印尼人民银行(BRI)、澳新银行(ANZ)和印尼曼迪利银行(MANDIRI)。2015年外汇储备4.38亿美元。

对外贸易

据东帝汶统计局数据,2020年,东外贸总额8.88亿美元,同比增长18.3%。其中,出口额2.64亿美元,同比增长71.7%;进口额6.25亿美元,同比增长4.6%;贸易逆差3.60亿美元,同比下降18.7%。从贸易额看,印尼、新加坡、马来西亚、中国、日本是东帝汶前五大贸易伙伴。

东帝汶的主要出口商品是石油(不经过本国出口)、咖啡等;进口货值前十类商品分别为成品油、汽车、粮食、机械及配件、电气产品、饮料、光学及照相器械、水泥、钢铁及药品。

2020年东帝汶吸引外资0.75亿美元。根据世界银行统计,东帝汶主要外资来源国为新加坡、泰国、葡萄牙、澳大利亚、新西兰、英国、韩国和美国等。主要投资领域是旅馆、基础设施建设、咖啡种植和旅游等行业。

外国资本

2020年吸引外资6765万美元。主要投资方为新加坡、泰国、葡萄牙、澳大利亚、英国、韩国、美国等,集中在基础设施建设、咖啡种植、旅游等行业。

国际援助

自建国以来,外国援助对于保持东帝汶经济发展和政局稳定起到重要作用。外国援助主要用于东帝汶基础设施的重建和发展,交通运输和仓储,政府和公民社会等。

截至2019年底,外国援助以提供资金和无偿援助方式为主,共向东帝汶提供了约28亿美元的援助。根据该平台数据,“其他”以9.23亿美元排名第一、澳大利亚以7.4亿美元排名第二、亚洲开发银行以3.56亿美元排名第三、日本国际协力机构以2.81亿美元排名第四、欧盟以2.76亿美元排名第五、美国以2.63亿美元排名第六。

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