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日本占领

1941年12月16日,在珍珠港事件爆发8天后,日本入侵文莱。日军从金兰湾派遣了1万名士兵的川口支队于马来奕登陆。经过6天的战斗,日军占领了文莱全境。附近唯一的盟军部队为驻扎于砂拉越古晋的英国第15旁遮普军团。

日军占领了文莱后,立即与苏丹阿哈默德丹祖汀达成了统治全国的协议。英国代表欧内斯特·艾德格·彭利的前任秘书英切·易卜拉辛被日军任命为最高行政责任者。日军原先希望留任彭利,但被彭利所拒绝。彭利与其他留在文莱的英国人全数被日军囚禁于古晋的巴都林当收容所。

苏丹依旧保有其王位,并得到日军的补助与礼遇。在日占时期的后半段,苏丹住在林梦Tantuya,并与日军少有往来。日军留用多数马来人政府官员。文莱与砂拉越王国还有英属北婆罗洲一起重新划分为5个行政区。文莱被划为美里州文莱县。木村强被认命为县知事。日本占领期间,易卜拉辛将许多重要的政府文件藏起来,不让日军所用。日军也将尤拉·哈利姆和其他许多文莱人,以南方特别留学生的身份送至日本受训。

日占期间,学校教授日语,政府官员被要求学习日语。当地货币被改为俗称香蕉票的马来亚和婆罗洲军票。

战后

第二次世界大战结束后,英国军事管制区成立。该政府主要由澳大利亚官员与公务员组成。1946年7月6日军事管制区政府将政权交还,文莱议会也于该年恢复。军事管制区政府致力于恢复被日军破坏的当地经济,并扑灭了日军在战败前撤离诗里亚油田时所放的火。

1962年12月8日-17日,与文莱人民党有关联的北加里曼丹国民军发动反对文莱苏丹统治的武装起义,以失败告终。

1971年,文莱实现内部自治;1984年1月1日,文莱获得独立,但仍然是英联邦成员国。

独立建国时期

1984年1月1日,苏丹宣布,文莱已成为一个完全独立国家,并宣布新内阁组成名单。1984年1月7日,文莱正式加入东南亚国家联盟,9月加入联合国,成为第159个会员国。

独立以后,苏丹政府大力推行“马来化、伊斯兰化和君主制”政策,巩固王室统治,重点扶持马来族等土着人的经济,在进行现代化建设的同时严格维护伊斯兰教义。

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