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气候

越南地处北回归线以南,高温多雨,属热带季风气候。年平均气温24℃左右,年平均降雨量为1500~2000毫米。北方分春、夏、秋、冬四季;南方雨旱两季分明,大部分地区5~10月为雨季,11月~次年4月为旱季。

越南气候属热带气候,整年雨量大、湿度高,北部受中国陆地气候的影响因此或多或少带有大陆性气候。东海对陆地热带季风性湿润气候具有巨大影响。热带季风性湿润气候对越南领土有不同影响,因此越南不同地区有不同气候特点。越南气候随着季节、南北、东西的不同而变化的。由于深受东北季风的影响,越南年均温度低于亚洲同纬度一带各国的年均温度。

越南气候可以分为两大截然不同的气候地区。

(1) 北方——在海云山(HAI VAN)以北的省份位于显出明显的春夏秋冬四个季节的热带季风气候,其受从亚洲陆地来的东北风及东南风影响、湿度高。

(2) 南方—— 在海云山以南的省份,由于少受季风的影响,因此其的热带气候比较温和、四季高温并分成旱季与雨季的两个季节。

与此同时,由于地形结构不同因此越南还有其他不同小气候地区,有的地方呈温带气候(如老街省沙巴( SA PA)、林同省大乐(DA LAT),有的地方呈大陆性气候(如莱州省、山罗省)等。

水文

越南拥有纵横交错的无数河流(10公里长以上的江河有2360条),河流流向为西北—东南的两个主要方向。越南最大的湄公河和红河形成了广阔及肥沃的两大平原。越南河流每年提供3100亿立方米水。河流系统的水流每年分成汛期和枯期,汛期占整年水量的70~80%并经常导致水灾。

自然资源

矿产资源

【资?源】?越南矿产资源丰富,种类多样。主要有煤、铁、钛、锰、铬、铝、锡、磷等,其中煤、铁、铝储量较大。有6845种海洋生物,其中鱼类2000种,蟹300种,贝类300种,虾类75种。森林面积约1000万公顷。

这些矿产资源的分布不均匀,主要集中分布于越南北部、中部地区,南部仅零星散布,北方主要以黑色、有色、稀土金属矿为主,而南方则主要以铝土矿和金矿为主。越南矿产资源具有四大特点,即矿床分布面广;矿带集中,大中型矿床比例大(占一半以上);共生、伴生矿床多,富矿和易选矿比例高;邻近铁路、海港。但是属世界级的大型矿床较少,大多数矿床属于中、小型。但其中有些矿产具有开发潜力,如油气资源、铝土矿等。

越南已探明煤炭储量约38亿吨,其中优质无烟煤约34亿吨,主要分布在广宁省境内,其余为褐煤和泥煤,主要分布在红河三角洲地区和湄3越南公河三角洲地区。

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