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【经济】挪威是拥有现代化工业的发达国家。20世纪70年代经济发展速度较快,80年代有起有落,90年代初因取消石油生产限额,收入剧增。1990年成立石油基金,2006年更名为“政府养老基金—全球”(即主权财富基金)。在油气出口巨额收益的支撑下,近年来挪经济状况良好,失业率和通胀率维持在较低水平。2008年金融危机、2014年油价下跌危机曾短暂冲击挪经济,但均在较短时间内恢复稳定并重新实现连续增长。新冠疫情暴发后,挪疫情形势总体可控,社会基本面稳定,经济较快实现止跌复苏。2022年主要经济指标如下:

国内生产总值:亿挪威克朗

人均国内生产总值:102万挪威克朗

国内生产总值增长率:32.2%;大陆经济(不含油气等离岸产业)增长3.8%

失业率:3.2%

主权财富基金市值:14.78万亿挪威克朗(2023年7月)

主张自由贸易。外贸在经济中地位重要。主要出口原油、天然气、焦炭与精炼石油制品、金属、各类机械、渔产品。主要进口机械、机动车、电子光学产品、金属、化学原料及制品、食品。主要进口国包括瑞典、德国、中国等。主要出口国有英国、德国、荷兰等。2022年进出口贸易总额为亿挪威克朗,同比增长61.8%。其中出口亿挪威克朗,同比增长87.2%;进口亿挪威克朗,同比增长20.5%。

货币

挪威克朗(klone)通常在国际汇市写成NOK,在北欧写成Nkr,挪威境内则是kr。1挪威克郎=100欧雷(Ore)=1.34元人民币=0.123欧元。有面额50欧雷,1、5、10、20克郎的硬币及50、100、200、500、1000克郎的纸币。截止2013年12月17日,1挪威克朗=0.1625美元,1挪威克朗=0.9863人民币元。

工业

工业在挪威在国民经济中占有重要地位,海洋石油、天然气化工、航运、水电、冶金等尤为发达。欧洲重要铝、镁生产国和出口国,硅铁合金产品大部分供出口。现为世界第三大天然气出口国,第八大石油出口国。2021年挪威油气总产量约为2.31亿立方米,出口值约为8320亿挪威克朗,占挪威货物出口总值的60%。

海事

挪威是海事大国,作为船舶生产国的历史超过150年,尤其是在特种船舶(如运输石油、天然气、化工品、汽车、滚装船)和深海船舶的生产方面居世界领先水平。根据挪威贸工部相关部门(Invest Norway)数据,挪威海事行业直接就业人数超过10万人,工业增加值约占GDP的12%。此外,挪威在近海特殊船用设备和渔船生产等领域占有重要地位,拥有300多家船用设备生产商,生产的设备占世界市场份额的9%,60%用于出口,产品包括先进的船舶推进器、船舶动力主机、电子货物装运设备、航海电子导航仪器、电子地图和先进的船舶稳定系统等。据有关专业机构统计,按吨位排名,挪威船东所属船舶位列全球第七;在海洋工程领域,挪威船东所属船队位列世界第一。按船价值计,挪威船东所属船队列世界第六。

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