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阿根廷锂资源总储量约735万吨,其中探明储量为650万吨,是全球第三大锂金属储量国,主要类型为盐湖卤水矿床;2015年阿锂金属开采总量近4000吨,是世界上第四大锂生产国。阿根廷锂资源主要分布在卡塔马卡省和萨尔塔省之间普纳高原的翁布雷·穆埃尔托盐湖(Salardel Hombre Muerto)和林孔盐湖(Salardel Rincón)、胡胡伊省、门多萨省、内乌肯省等盐沼地区。

阿根廷硼资源储量200万吨,2013年硼产量为70万吨,是拉美地区第一大、全球第二大的硼生产国。主要的硼矿产区位于萨尔塔省、胡胡伊省和卡塔马卡省。

铀矿

铀是阿根廷相对较丰富的矿产之一,2015年铀矿储量2.94万吨,蕴藏地区主要在萨尔塔省、科尔多瓦省、门多萨省和丘布特省。

铅锌矿

阿根廷铅锌矿主要分布于胡胡伊省阿吉拉尔(Mina Aguilar)、圣胡安省的卡斯塔诺努埃沃(Casta?o Nuevo)地区。其中,阿吉拉尔矿床蕴含铅锌矿石储量6600万吨,含铅6.2%,锌7.6%,并伴生有金银。

铁矿

阿根廷铁矿储量约为11亿吨,主要铁矿有胡胡伊省萨普拉铁矿(Zapla)、黑河省希拉格兰德铁矿(Sierra Grande)。萨普拉铁矿据估计铁矿砂蕴藏量为1.1亿吨,矿石品位为35%~45%;希拉格兰德铁矿铁矿砂蕴含量为1亿多吨,矿石品位为55%~60%。

除以上所列矿产之外,阿根廷还有煤炭、钾、铍、铝、锡、钼、锑、绿柱石、石膏、硫磺、瓷土、石英等矿产资源。总的来说,阿根廷矿种丰富、成矿条件良好、未开发矿产多,是一个矿产资源开发潜力较大的国家。

生物多样性

阿根廷是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一,拥有世界上最大的生态系统多样性之一: 15 个大陆区、 2个海洋区和南极地区都在其领土上。这种巨大的生态系统多样性导致了世界上最大的生物多样性:

9372种编目维管植物(排名第 24 位)

1038种编目鸟类(排名第14)

375种编目哺乳动物(排名第12)

338种编目爬行动物(排名第16)

162种编目两栖动物(排名第19)

原来的潘帕几乎没有树。一些进口物种,如美国梧桐树或桉树,存在于道路沿线或城镇和乡村庄园( estancias )中。南美大草原唯一的树状植物是常绿的Ombú。南美大草原的表层土壤是_深黑色,主要是软土,通常称为腐殖质。这使得该地区成为地球上农业生产力最高的地区之一;然而,这也是破坏大部分原始生态系统,为商业农业让路的原因。西部潘帕斯大草原接收较少降雨,这片干燥的南美大草原是一片矮草平原或草原。

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