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工业

【矿业】

智利是拉美地区重要的矿业大国。智利矿业开采投资排全球第四位,其中大部分是铜矿项目,此外还有金、锌、铁、矿盐等项目。这批项目中,除12个属于生产促进联合会和国家矿业公司外,其他均为私人业主。2020年,智利矿业产值217.24亿美元,占GDP的8.59%,但矿业带动相关产业对GDP的贡献超过30%。2020年,智利矿产品出口额400.84亿美元,占出口总额的58.17%。2012年,受价格因素影响,持续不景气的智利矿业出现复苏迹象。2020年,国际市场铜价平均上涨25%,智利的铜出口额增至379.93亿美元。

铜在智利矿业中占有举足轻重的地位,但近年来产量未有大规模增长,一般保持在550万吨/年,主要产品为铜精矿和电解铜等。根据智利政府公布的数据,2020年智利铜产量为570万吨,较上年减少1%。

2020年智利钼产量为吨,较上年增长8.4%。

智利是世界最大的碳酸锂生产国之一,智利的锂资源储量超过750万吨,占全球(1400万吨)的52%。锂矿是智利的战略资源,锂矿开采权属于智利政府,开采实行配额控制。锂矿主要来自第二大区的阿塔卡玛盐湖(Salar de Atacama),储量占全国的81%。近年来,智利锂年均产量5.6万吨(LCE当量),并以每年8%-10%的速度增长。锂在智利矿产品出口额排名中位于铜、钼和铁之后。智利的锂资源主要向韩国、中国和日本出口。

矿业大型企业:

(1)智利国家铜业公司(简称CODELCO)。成立于1976年4月1日,是世界最大的铜生产企业,经营铜矿的开发、开采、提炼、加工及销售等,是智利乃至世界第一大产铜企业。2020年,智利国家铜业公司自产铜172.7万吨,年盈利20.78亿美元。

(2)智利化工矿业公司(Sociedad Quimica y Minera de Chile S.A.,简称SQM)。成立于1968年,经营化肥、化工产品、碘、锂的生产及销售。公司资产总额13.6亿美元。2020年,实现利润1.645亿美元,同比减少40.8%。

(3)智利钼金属公司(简称Molymet)。成立于1975年,主营钼及相关产品的生产和销售,年均产量为1.7-1.8亿磅,占全球份额的40%。2020年钼产量1.7亿磅。

(4)必和必拓公司(BHP Biliton)。在智利全资拥有斯潘斯铜矿(Spence)和赛罗科罗拉多铜矿(Cerro Colorado)两座矿山,经营埃斯康迪达铜矿(Escondida),以57.5%的股权控股。作为世界上最大的露天铜矿场,埃斯康迪达铜矿年产量为120万吨左右。斯潘斯铜矿和赛罗科罗拉多铜矿年产量分别约为15.2万吨和7.4万吨。

(5)英美资源集团(Anglo American)。1980年开始发展在智利业务,拥有Los Bronces(100%股份)、El Soldado(100%股份)、Mantos Blancos(100%股份)、Mantos Verdes(100%股份)和Collahuasi(44%股份)等五座矿山及Chagres冶炼厂(100%股份),在智利创造就业岗位1万余个。

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