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主要城市

利马

利马市(西班牙语:Lima),秘鲁首都 ,分为旧城、新城两部分。旧城区位于城市北部,临近阿普里马克河,街道自西北向东南伸展,同阿普里马克河呈平行状。街道多以秘鲁的省和城市命名,街区狭窄 ,房屋低矮,大多为殖民统治时期所建造。旧城区有众多的广场,以城区中心的“武器广场”最着名。以这个广场为中心,条条街道成辐射状向四周延伸,通向城区各个角落,街面以大块石板铺砌,显得古香古色。广场中央有喷水池,水花飞溅,雾气蒙蒙,在阳光下晶莹闪烁,使城市显得格外有生气。广场东端是始建于17世纪的天主教堂,保持着浓厚的西班牙建筑风格,教堂内有银饰祭坛、建筑精巧的小教堂和停放着广场设计者、当年西班牙殖民军首领皮萨罗的玻璃棺材。广场四周其他着名建筑有建于1938年的政府大厦、建于1945年的市政大厦以及众多的商业大楼、超级市场等。旧城区还有风光优美的阿拉梅达公园、最繁华的商业中心乌尼昂大街、宽阔的繁华大街尼科拉斯德皮埃罗拉大街、圣马丁广场、博洛洛内西广场以及建于1551年的南美洲最古老的大学——圣马科斯大学。

库斯科

库斯科古城位于秘鲁安第斯山脉海拔3410米的东安第斯山脉丰饶的山谷中。这里气候宜人,崇山峻岭和葱郁的林木围绕在城市四周。因而又有“安第斯山王冠上的明珠”的美称;马丘比丘位于库斯科西北130公里,整个遗址高耸在海拔约2350米的山脊上,俯瞰着乌鲁班巴河谷。它被称作“失落的印加城市”,是南美洲最重要的考古发掘中心,也因此成为秘鲁最受欢迎的旅游景点。1983年,马丘比丘被联合国教科文组织定为世界遗产,是世界上为数不多的文化与自然双重遗产之一。

在库斯科,要去看城内西班牙殖民时期的巴洛克建筑,也看保留下来的印加石墙;在马丘比丘,上下城区的古老巨石和散落在安第斯山脉各处的羊驼是最重要的风景。

国家象征

国名

国名可能来源于16世纪初居住在巴拿马城圣米格尔湾附近的当地统治者的名字Birú 。1522年抵达的西班牙征服者认为这是新大陆的最南端。当Francisco Pizarro入侵更南端的地区时,这些地区被指定为Birú或Perú。

当代作家印加·加西拉索·德拉维加 (Inca Garcilaso de la Vega)提供了另一种历史,他是印加公主和征服者的儿子。他说Birú这个名字是一个普通美洲印第安人的名字。

西班牙王室在1529 年的Capitulación de Toledo中赋予了该名称法律地位,该名称将新遇到的印加帝国指定为秘鲁省。在西班牙统治下,该国采用了秘鲁总督辖区的名称,独立后成为秘鲁共和国。

国旗

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