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秘鲁共和国(西班牙语:República del Perú,英语:The Republic of Peru,奇楚瓦语: Piruw),简称秘鲁(Peru),是南美洲西部的一个国家,北邻厄瓜多尔和哥伦比亚,东与巴西和玻利维亚接壤,南接智利,西濒太平洋。秘鲁全国行政区划为4级,即中央、大区、省、市(县)。全国共设24个大区和1个直属区(卡亚俄区)、195个省和1832个市(县), 首都利马。根据秘鲁国家统计信息局数据,2020年秘鲁总人口3297.2万,居南美洲第五位。

秘鲁孕育了美洲最早人类文明之一的小北史前文明,以及前哥伦布时期美洲的最大国家印加帝国。16世纪,西班牙帝国征服印加帝国,建立秘鲁总督区,包含西班牙在南美洲的大部分殖民地。1821年独立后,秘鲁既经历了政治动荡、财政危机,也有出现政局稳定、经济发展的时期。1835年,秘鲁与玻利维亚合并,成立秘鲁─玻利维亚邦联,1839年邦联瓦解。1879至1883年,联合玻利维亚同智利进行了“太平洋战争”,秘战败割地。之后长期遭受内乱外患,军人曾多年执政。1980年5月,举行民主选举,恢复文人政府。

2021年国内生产总值2247.25亿美元,人均国内生产总值6888美元,经济增长率13.3%,通货膨胀率6.43%。截至2022年6月7日,外汇储备为764.54亿美元。秘鲁经济主要依赖农业、渔业、矿业以及制造业(如纺织品)。 当地时间2022年12月7日,秘鲁副总统迪娜·博卢阿特在国会全体会议上宣誓就任新总统。

基本信息

中文名:秘鲁共和国

国家领袖:迪娜·博卢阿特(总统)

外文名:西班牙语:República del Perú,英语: The Republic of Peru,奇楚瓦语: Piruw

人口数量:3297.2 万(2020年)

简称:秘鲁

人口密度:25.8 人/平方公里

所属洲:南美洲

主要民族:印第安人,印欧混血种人

首都:利马

主要宗教:天主教

主要城市:利马,库斯科,特鲁希略

国土面积:㎞2

国庆日:7月28日

水域率:0.41%

国歌:《国家进行曲》

GDP总计:2247.25 亿美元(2021年)

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