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气候

尼加拉瓜平原高温多雨,属热带海洋性气候;西部沿岸低地,降水明显少于东部,且有干、湿季之分,属热带草原气候;中部高地年平均气温18℃,年降水量1500-2500毫米,5-12月为雨季。

自然资源

尼加拉瓜是拉美主要产金国之一,已探明有106条金脉矿,年产量曾达7万盎司,居世界第13位。其他矿藏有银、锑、锌、铜、铅等。地热资源丰富。有二处石油矿藏。森林占全国面积的43%,出口松木和桃花心木。鱼虾等水产较丰富。

行政区划:

区划

尼加拉瓜全国划分为16个省和2个自治区,下设市镇153个。

重要城市

马那瓜

尼加拉瓜首都马那瓜(Managua)位于国境西部,地处马那瓜湖南岸,并由此得名。西北距太平洋岸科林托海港140公里。海拔55米。是一座风景秀丽的西班牙式城市。因地处太平洋火山活动地震带东侧,100年多来,该市曾爆发过4次强烈地震,其中以1972年12月的一次对城市的破坏最为惨重。重建的马那瓜,在减少人口密度、大企业迁移外地和提高建筑防震能力等方面采取了许多重要措施。马那瓜一词来自印第安人的纳华尔语,其含义有两种解释,一是"墨西哥人的地方",二是"水边"。大约1万年前,马那瓜湖畔就有人类活动,从阿考林克遗址可以看到古代人类活动留下的遗迹。由于地震等自然灾害,居民曾多次迁移。16世纪初西班牙人征服尼加拉瓜时,这里还是一个比较重要的印第安人村镇。1846年成为城市。1852年被定为共和国首都。从此这里成为全国的政治中心。

马萨亚

尼加拉瓜西南部城市,马萨亚省首府。位于马萨亚火山东麓,西北距马那瓜25公里。人口4.3万(1980年)。周围农业区(主产烟草)的工商业中心。以出产印第安手工艺品(刺绣、棕榈帽等)着称。有烟草、制鞋、制皂、制革等工业。铁路、公路和航空交通便利。

希诺特佩

尼加拉瓜西南部城市,卡拉索省首府。位于迪里安巴高地,海拔760米。人口1.8万(1980年)。始建于1883年。农牧产品的集散和加工中心。附近有石灰石、盐矿等开采业。铁路、公路通马那瓜。

布卢菲尔兹

尼加拉瓜东南部港市,塞拉亚省首府。位于布卢菲尔兹湾埃斯孔迪多河口。人口2.1万(1980年)。十六、十七世纪为海盗集结地,后为英属莫斯基托斯海岸保护地的首府。1850年起归尼加拉瓜。因湾内泥沙堆积,进出口贸易须经由外港布卢夫。工业以木材加工、冷冻海虾、金银饰品加工为主。房屋多用木材建造,别具风格。汽船可上溯埃斯孔迪多河100公里至拉马。

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