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田继周《先秦民族史》:"有巢氏的传说,主要反映的是远古人类居住问题。";"当时人们与禽兽为伍,以采集为主,巢居穴处。当然,也应指出,传说中的巢居,已不是从猿变人过程中的巢居了,而是为了避免禽兽虫蛇,才架木为巢的。"

文献考证

《百家姓详解》载:"禹帝时曾封有巢氏之后建立巢国(今安徽境内)。在夏、商、周三代,巢国世代为诸侯国,春秋时期,楚国灭掉巢国,巢国后代公族便以原国名作为姓氏。"《安徽大辞典》载:"周原出土甲骨有'征巢'记载,《西清古鉴》中也有两件青铜器记载周对巢的用兵。"《吕氏春秋》《仪礼》《史记正义》等书中都提到有巢氏。张良皋《匠学七说》将历史上早期建筑分为"中国建筑的三原色":"巢居"、"穴居"、"庐居"。国学大师钱穆对《春秋》"楚人围巢"、"吴灭巢"之"巢"和《史记》之"居巢"之所在特加按语:"安徽巢县东北五里。"

翦伯赞在《先秦史》中将有巢氏归人类初始时代。他说:"人类最初从兽类中分离出来,就是因为人类知道制造工具、使用工具,开始了劳动创造。所以传说中之有巢氏时代的原始人群,他们虽然刚刚带着自己起源的痕迹,走进中国历史之蒙昧时代的下期,但因为他们已经挺身直躯,站立在大地之上,所以他们也就开始了人类社会之最初的劳动创造。有巢氏时代的原始人群虽然已经知道制造工具、使用工具,但所谓工具也不过是石块和木棍而已。这时代的人类之劳动创造,考古学家称之日早期旧石器时代的文化。"他又在注释中进一步论曰:"考古学家把旧石器时代的文化,依其制作技术之发达程度,划分为早、中、晚三期,这与历史上蒙昧时代之下、中、上三时期的社会经济内容是相适应的。所以特征为蒙昧时代下期之有巢氏时代的文化,是早期旧石器时代的文化。"

中国古代青铜器中有一件蜚声中外的国宝级器物《班簋》。西周穆王时期毛伯所作。《班簋》铭文中,有"秉、繁、蜀、巢"四个国名,其中的"巢"就是有巢氏后裔所建方国--巢伯国。《班簋》内底铭文198字,这一史料与秀丽的文字在中外考古史上具有十分重要的价值。

《论有巢氏功德暨古巢国演延》: "有巢氏"是"圣人"而不是"神祗",他是中华民族文明史上的第一圣祖。…我们应该理直气壮地把"有巢氏"作为中华民族人文始祖来研究,让整个人类世界进一步领略与赞赏中华文化的深邃性、科学性与创造性。"

遗址考证

1973年在河姆渡遗址 的第一期发掘中,木构建筑露头于第四层中部,出土的木构件总数达一千件以上。正与韩非子所说的:"有圣人做构木为巢,以避群害"相吻合。所以有史学家认为"河姆渡人"就是"有巢氏之民",河姆渡地区就是"有巢氏国"的中心区域。1994年4月至7月中句在河姆渡眷架山进行考古发掘时,从出土文物迹象分析:先民死后尸体用火烧烤后将遗骨放入罐内, 再入土安葬, 带有"古代火葬" 的形式...与《路史》"有巢氏条:民之葬者...于厚衣之薪。焚而瘗之, 不封不植也. 掩孤而已。" 的记载相一致。

20世纪80年代随着和县猿人遗址、银山智人遗址和凌家滩遗址相继发现,巢湖流域被公认为是古人类最早的发源地之一, 打破了长期以来长江和巢湖流域被认为不可能是人类发源地的历史论断。凌家滩遗址自1985年被发现后,通过发掘过程及出土文物分析,足以佐证凌家滩遗址是已存在政、军、神三权的有巢氏部落中心。

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