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第三十六章 给你讲讲政治经济学今天签约了)(1 / 2)

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第36章 给你讲讲政治经济学(求推荐票,今天签约了)

书接前文。

“还有一点你需要记住,西周采取的土地政策和我们现在大有区别。西周采用的是井田制,在名义上全国的土地都是周天子的,诸侯,卿大夫,士只是代为管理这些土地,并且要上交贡赋。但是不能交易也不得任何名义上的转让。看出什么问题了么?”

“周天子真有钱。”朱棣羡慕地吧唧吧唧嘴。

高霖真想一巴掌抽死朱棣,这家伙的注意力怎么总是能跑偏。

心累的高霖只得详细给朱棣分析道:“在贡赋不变的情况下,是不是一个诸侯要想要强大就需要更多的人口,更多的土地来进行生产?”

“是的。”朱棣点头应道。

“这时候重点来了,你先给我记住几个名字,以后我会经常用到。生产力、即是人们利用自然、改造自然和生产物质资料的能力。如何决定生产力的高低呢,生产力=劳动者+劳动工具+劳动对象。”

高霖好奇的看着一脸懵的朱棣问道:“明白什么意思么?”

“好像明白,好像又不明白。”朱棣有些痴傻的盯着高霖在地上写的公式,他还是第一次了解西方经济学,这玩意对他来说有点难。

“没事,你慢慢琢磨。估计我给伱讲完了你就明白了。下面我们来说:生产资料、也称为生产手段。它被定义为工人在生产中需要使用的资源或工具。”

“最后还有生产关系,指人们在生产过程中结成的社会经济关系,它是人们最基本、最主要的社会关系,决定了其它社会关系。这三点你给我记清楚了,我们一会儿要用到。”

说完这些,高霖又把话题转回了原题:“我们刚才说诸侯需要更多的人口和土地来进行生产,其实就是诸侯寻求更多的生产力和更多的生产资料。这个时候西周赶上了青铜器向铁器发展的时期,而且耕牛也用于了农耕,铁器是不是更好用?耕牛是不是比人力更大?用刚才的公式算一下,是不是说明了生产力进步了?”

“对哦。原来是这个意思,高兄你真是天才啊。”朱棣突然明白了刚才高霖讲的那些东西,有些惊讶的感叹起来。

高霖一副孺子可教的表情接着说道:“生产力的发展会决定生产关系,因为旧的生产关系会阻碍生产力发展。所以礼崩乐坏标志是井田制的瓦解,私田开始出现。西周森严等级的分邦建国制度遭受到了生产关系改变而引起的社会秩序混乱。到了春秋末期,私田已经大行其道。春秋末期鲁国开始实行初税亩制度,公开承认私田主人对土地的所有权。这时候,封建土地私有制开始形成。”

朱棣听着津津有味,忍不住的催促道:“那接下来呢?”

“接下来没了啊,你看孔子倡导恢复井田制,显然恢复不了。因为生产关系变了,私有制的生产关系更加的进步。再说孔子的仁,他的仁是有区别的,真正生活在底层的农民和奴隶他是不可怜的啊,因为私田的出现会让奴隶有机会跑到别的国家成为自耕农,而农民有了自己的田地会生活的更好。孔子这里的仁根本就是矛盾的啊。”

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