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第189章 给部落成员播放擀毡(2 / 2)

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可以说,擀毡的“擀”除了需要手艺之外,更需要体力,那一番擀来擀去,两腿酸困发麻,没有腿力的人是坚持不下来的。

毡匠三件宝,弹弓、竹帘、沙柳条。擀毡的工具看上去十分简单,然而,要使用好弹弓、竹帘、沙柳条这三样工具,将弹、洗、揉三道工序做到位,却是需要体力和耐心的。

擀毡是两个人以上的集体劳动,擀毡时哼唱单调的曲子是用来统一动作、调动情绪的,也用来计算擀的次数的。以数字为词,曲调短小、热烈红火,其实也是毡匠们互相鼓劲出力的。

以擀一条宽四尺,长六尺的大毡为例,要用十二斤毛、一斤面粉、三两香油,需要三个人经过六个小时的弹、铺、洗等几个环节才能完工。倘若在某一环节上你偷了工,擀出的毡的质量定然是要下降的。一块毡擀得好,除了宁夏滩羊毛质地优良外,更主要的还是毡匠的手艺精湛。

毡种类很多,按羊毛的种类分,有春毛毡、沙毛毡、绵毛毡等;按规格分,有四六毡、五七毡、单人毡和回族兄弟作礼拜用的拜毡等数十个品种;按花色分,有白毡、花毡、红毡、瓦青毡等。何毡匠样样做得精致。

因为兢兢业业、扎扎实实、勤学苦练,在擀毡这一行业,何兆元声名远播,擀出的毡名头很响,以柔软、舒适、匀称、洁净、美观大方、经久耐用。擀毡四十多年间,经这些农村人的手擀制的毛毡近万条。村子山脚下许多农户家中炕上还铺着他们擀的毛毡,有的都四十多年了,依然光滑、结实如初。他还有绝活,在毡里加入面粉和清油的方法就是他发明的,这样用山羊毛擀出来的毡可以“站立”起来。“擀毡把式高不高,就看最后一道道。”最后一道工序揉弄毡边最为讲究。因为参差不齐的毡边不能用剪刀裁齐,只能靠手工揉弄。

小主,这个章节后面还有哦,请点击下一页继续阅读,后面更精彩!没有丰富的经验和高超手艺的人,是做不出笔直带棱的毡边的。而何兆元擀出的毡棱角分明,刀割剪裁一般。

在大集体年代,因为擀毡手艺超群,允许他专门擀毡挣工分顶口粮。

“那时擀毡很吃香,活计多,忙起来常常是通宵达旦,一天最多能擀三条毡。一月下来,挣七十多元钱,向生产队交六十元钱,个人还能落下十多元。”在谈及那段岁月时,何毡匠的表情自豪而骄傲,因为,那时干部工资一个月也就十多块钱。

在擀毡人的家里,有一长七尺的木质弹毛大弓,已有四百多年的历史了。这张大弓原是中宁县老毡匠黄光林家祖传下来的。

因为喜爱那张弹毛大弓,他花血本用六百斤大米换来的。从此,时值壮年的何兆元每天肩挑大弓走街串巷,这张已经跟随他近五十年的大弓,由于擀出来近万条毡,弓面已经凹进去一寸多深的坑。如今,这张大弓已经成了何兆元家的传家之宝,但凡来人,他总是要带着去看这张大弓。

随着时代的发展和人们生活水平的提高,现在擀毡业逐渐淡出了人们的生活,尽管还有些人会偶尔找何毡匠去擀毡,可是,擀毡正在走向消失的边缘。四十多年来,何兆元先后带出过很多徒弟,然而,随着时代的变迁,这些徒弟都转行做了别的行业,手艺也已半途而废。

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