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第534章 理学兴衰(2 / 2)

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也是因此,后来陆九渊所在的学派也站在了朱熹的理学大旗之下共进退,希望能够效前朝变法,荡涤朝堂不良风气,可惜当时的外部环境已经不允许年老垂垂的朱熹按部就班了。

1188年,同样还是鹅湖寺,辛弃疾与陈同甫会于此,写下了那首着名的《破阵子》,当时本也有邀请朱熹的,但朱熹有事未到,私以为恐怕当时的朱熹就是忙于内整理学派,上联宋孝宗,所以无瑕赴会。

但很快,1194年宋孝宗骤然离世,次年赵汝愚在与韩侂胄的斗争中失势身死,韩侂胄开庆元党禁,被朱熹耗费心力整合起来的理学士人全入了伪学逆党籍,集体扑街。

朱熹逝于庆元党禁中,据说死前还在忙于整理学问残篇,而其死后因为党禁的缘故,南宋朝廷禁止大规模的会葬,但仍有千人不惧被迫害风险为朱熹送葬。

辛弃疾也不避嫌的到场,为朱熹题“所不朽者,垂万世名。孰谓公死,凛凛犹生”。

理学真正的黄金年代从神宗起至朱熹终,前后经历了两宋剧变以及两次党禁,而在朱熹最接近成功的时候又戛然而止,也可称得上是壮志未酬。

而另外同属理学道统但又独树一帜的还有一人,名为张载。

古代儒家当中宣扬自己希望救世治世的很多,但真的全力以赴去践行的却寥寥无几。

腐儒大多喊着兴周理复井田,但真的去尝试的寥寥无几,但张载真的就去试了,前后三代人在横渠挖沟种田尝试了七年,最终亲身得出了一个清楚的结论:

“以田授民”“人受一方”是可以让百姓活下去的。

但张载既不是皇帝,也不是造反头子,哪来的“以田授民”的权力?所以只能“敦本善俗”去教育人。

本小章还未完,请点击下一页继续阅读后面精彩内容!用咱们现代的眼光吹毛求疵的看,张载的行为多少有点傻,但咱们是建立在生产力解放发展的前提下,与张载自然不可同日而语。

张载的悲剧在于他的思想局限于时代,当时的年代对世界的认知过于简单。

但是在行动上,他可称当时的真君子。

当时的宋朝做官做学问皆以搞钱为先,但张载最终穷困而死,病死的时候身无余财仅有一外甥相随,甚至连棺材都买不起。

但即便如此,他也在《正蒙》中说“民吾同胞,物吾与也”。

上《边议九条》直趋前线希望能热血报国,但好在范仲淹看出他不是这块材料给劝退了。

当然更振聋发聩的还是他的横渠四句:

“为天地立心,为生民立命,为往圣继绝学,为万世开太平”

此话可以称得上光耀千古。

另外,需要一说的是,张载身体力行七年所得出来的这个非常浅显的结论,不懂的人大有其在,不然也不会有这么多农民揭竿而起了。

但同样也有不少人懂,比如李自成,均田不够怎么办呢?杀一些大明贪官,就够分了。

明末的努尔哈赤起兵也是这么说的,给每个壮丁分三十亩粮田、六亩棉田,就能衣食无忧了,但很快也发现地不够分。

至于他的解决办法嘛……在座的各位应该都知道。】

(本章完)

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