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第485章 高度集权和松散联盟(1 / 2)

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阿紫道:“在我看来周朝还是很原始和落后的,也没取得什么惊天动地的成就吧?”

张万牛道:“将东亚大陆事实上占有不算惊天动地的成就?实际国土从区区一域几十万平方公里扩散到几百万平方公里不算惊天动地的成就?人口从区区几百万扩张到几千万还不算大的成就?周武王周公旦创立的宗法制度不算惊天动地的成就?这几样哪一个拿出来不是空前绝后的,不是伟大的创举?如果没有他们哪有现在的中国?很多人都说后世延续了秦制,可别忘了秦制也是脱胎于周制,秦制改进了周制,加强了中央集权,可也牺牲了民间的活力。”

“再看科技和人文,大周的农业技术和手工业远超世界水平,直到十世纪左右欧美等州才达到东周的水平;思想和文艺成果更是成为中国历史五千年的顶峰,不管是思想,文史,还是音乐都其它任何朝代不可比的,可以这么说,中国直到现在的思想文化成绩都没有超过大周的高度,可惜的是太多成果因为各种因素没有保存下来。”

阿紫道;“混沌初开,大周也是沾了人类初起的光,夏商历史已经不详,但从现有资料看更像部落制,有点像文艺复兴前的欧洲,大周则像欧洲的文艺复兴,各行各业都磅礴发展,确实是中华文明大牛时期,也有点像0607年的大牛行情,规则虽乱,鱼龙混杂,但百家争鸣,处处都是机会。”

张万牛道:“自由竞争虽然残酷,但确实相当公平,百花齐放百家争鸣将大周的文治武功推向了巅峰,当达成一定共识就全线普涨,而这个共识就是都要变法求强,最后商鞅变法最为彻底最为成功,从而结束了混战状态一统天下。”

阿紫道:“大秦一统天下确实是天命所归,只是有点可惜了晋国,最应该接受大周衣钵的,如此强大的晋国竟然给三分了,而且不是分给了宗族体系,是分给大臣,这确实让人意难平;三分后实力就严重下滑了,最后便宜了秦国!文王那么多子嗣,封了那么多诸侯,最后让非宗亲的秦国得了天下,秦得天下后没几年竟然又被一个小小亭长夺了去,可见真是造化弄人呀。”

张万牛道:“不管是秦,楚,齐;其实都是种子选手,至于汉高祖刘邦多半也是西周皇室后裔,大周八百年后大半华夏族和周王室或多或少都有血脉联系,而这就是分封天下的妙处。”

阿紫道:“妙是妙也,可周王室对诸侯的节制就力不从心了,实际尊周时间不到300年吧,300年后很多诸侯就开始不理会周王室了,有趣的是,尽管周王室已经弱不禁风,却还能挺几百年不倒。”

张万牛道:“这就是松散联盟的好处,能活的更长,因为松散联盟给了缓冲空间,不像高度集权虽然也有很多优势,比如能集中力量办大事,能统一事权等等,可问题也太多了。”

阿紫道:“高度集权有什么问题?中国封建王朝不都是高度集权么?”

张万牛道:“是啊,两千多年都是高度集权,可为什么都挺不过三百年,根本原因是什么?有人分析大明灭亡的根本原因是亏空;其实大多数封建王朝的灭亡都是因为经济因素,而亏空是最显而易见的,大明为了弥补亏空,像了多少法子,万历为了一些印刷费,连造反的书都可以印刷,天启为了收税不惜大量使用太监,可都无法从根源上解决问题,为了节约开支崇祯皇帝甚至裁撤驿卒,可不巧的是裁撤了一个叫李自成的人,从而引发了农民起义,直接导致了大明的覆灭。”

阿紫道:“没有李自成也有刘自成,王自成,那么多流民不出问题才怪呢?高度集权会导致亏空,为了弥补亏空就不惜裁撤普通员工,大量失业人员自然成为国家的隐患,松散联盟就不会么?”

张万牛道:“不管是高度集权还是松散联盟,亏空都避免不了的,最大问题是怎么处理问题解决问题,高度集权的最大弊端就是大包大揽,什么都管什么插一手,王朝初期组织能力强朝廷号令的动,发现问题能马上解决,可一旦朝廷式微,号令总打折扣,各种推诿,再加机构臃肿腐败横行,亏空就会越来越大,亏空越大,乱像就会频繁,整个经济就会乱套。”

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