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第233章 铅笔(1 / 2)

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长孙冲轻啧一声,摆手笑道:“这东西的优点可不止这些。”

“没听刚才的小厮说吗,这数字除了便于记录以外,还有个好处就是特别容易计算,我把这种计算方法称为竖式。”

“你们看,假如我想算这两串数字。”长孙冲提笔写下两串长长的数字。

“那我只需先将二者对齐纵向排放,然后画一个长横线,在这条横线上画上一横一竖,这个符号我称其为加号。”

“需要运算的数字,运算符号,再加上一条分界线,如此一来,一个竖式便列好了。”长孙冲轻轻吹了吹纸上墨迹,将桌上的宣纸提起来道。

“倒是和算筹有几分相似”,李世民摩挲两下巴道,“那下面该怎么计算呢?”

如今大唐的主要计算方法主要有两种,一种使用算盘,它由东汉末数学家徐岳发明。

一个木板刻为三个部分,上、下两部分是停游珠用的,中间一部分是作定位用途。

每位各有五颗珠,上面一颗珠与下面四颗珠用颜色来区别,后称之为“档”。上面一珠当五,下面四珠每珠当一。

还有一种便是使用算筹,这等计算工具最早追溯至春秋战国,也是我国古代最主要的计算工具。

南北朝时伟大的数学家祖冲之,便是利用算筹与割圆法,将圆周率精确到小数点后七位,这比西方早了近千年。

他撰写的《缀术》一书,也被收入进《算经十书》,成了长孙冲等国子监学生的教材。

算筹一般为直径两三毫米、长度为十几厘米小圆棍,材质大多为竹子,也有用金属,甚至玉石象牙制成。

用算筹表示数字时,数字分为纵式和横式两种。

当两种样式的数字交替排列时,便组成了多位数。

而在进行加减等运算时,则和竖式有异曲同工之妙。

同样遵循着十进制,数字间对齐排列,然后在运算时移动一个个小木棒,来进行数字的计算。

“你们看,这两个数字的个位分别是三和九对吧,加起来就是十二。那我就将一个小的数字一写到十位数字的右下角,然后在计算十位时,再将这个数字加上……”

当长孙冲介绍完减法、乘法和除法之后,众人的脸色逐渐变的呆滞。

良久之后,回过神的房玄龄忍不住轻叹一口气道:“众人皆道是比干七窍玲珑心,我看你怕不是胸中九窍玲珑心。”

长孙冲嘿嘿一笑,随即又严肃道:“不过这东西我不建议用到正规的一些场合,不止如此平时我们使用的那些数字也应当改一下。”

“这是为何?”李靖疑惑道。

他实在太喜欢这东西了,有了此等计算方法,以后整理军备,计算支出都可以一目了然。

“因为这东西太容易被人为更改了,一加上一横就是七,六加个小勾就成了八。”

“你们再想想我们平时写的那些数字,特别是一二三,随便加个一横就能被更改成另一个数字,写起来很是方便,可这也导致了上上下下多少人中饱私囊。”

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