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第48章 修飞船(2)(2 / 2)

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俊仁亲王首先从晶体管的基本定义入手,解释晶体管是一种用硅制成的二极管。他可以进一步说明,晶体管是一种半导体器件,具有三个端子:发射极、基极和集电极。通过控制基极和发射极之间的电流,可以调节发射极和集电极之间的电流,从而实现电子开关的功能。

好在这些科学家也不是笨蛋,大多听到这里就能明白晶体管是什么东西。

但是在场的科学家中有人举手,“你能进一步介绍一下半导体的简要特性吗?”

俊仁点了点头对哈登将军道:“将军,请你准备一下黑板和粉笔!”

哈登将军点了点头,立马让人去准备,显然他也很想知道晶体管的原理

俊仁很快,站在黑板前拿起粉笔,开始写写画画,之后开始介绍道:“要弄懂晶体管管的原理,首先就要弄懂半导体,要冷冻半导体,首先就要异懂半导体的原理,导电性介于导体和绝缘体之间:半导体的导电性既不是像导体那样非常高,也不是像绝缘体那样非常低。在室温下,纯净的半导体(如硅、锗)的导电性较低,类似于绝缘体。但是,当温度升高或受到光照等外部刺激时,半导体的导电性会显着增加,介于导体和绝缘体之间.

小主,这个章节后面还有哦,请点击下一页继续阅读,后面更精彩!半导体的导电性对温度非常敏感。随着温度的升高,半导体内部的热能增加,使得更多的价带电子获得足够能量跃迁到导带,形成电子-空穴对,从而增加自由载流子的数量,导致导电性提高。这种特性与导体的导电性随温度升高而降低相反.

半导体对光具有敏感性。当半导体受到光照时,光子的能量可以使价带电子激发到导带,产生额外的自由载流子,从而提高半导体的导电性。这种特性使得半导体可以用于制造光敏元件,如光电二极管、光电晶体管等.

半导体分为很多类型,比如N型和P型,这就又涉及到另一个技术,也就是掺杂技术对导电性的影响,掺杂技术是在纯净的半导体中引入少量的其他元素(掺杂剂),以改变半导体的导电性。掺杂剂通常是具有与半导体原子不同价电子数的元素,分为施主杂质和受主杂质.

施主杂质是具有比半导体原子多一个价电子的元素,如磷、砷等。当施主杂质掺入硅或锗等半导体中时,多余的价电子会成为自由电子,从而增加半导体中的电子浓度,使其导电性提高。掺入施主杂质的半导体称为N型半导体

受主杂质是具有比半导体原子少一个价电子的元素,如硼、镓等。当受主杂质掺入硅或锗等半导体中时,会在半导体晶格中形成空穴,空穴可以捕获电子,从而增加半导体中的空穴浓度,使其导电性提高。掺入受主杂质的半导体称为P型半导体.

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