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第146章 天才大师洪天(1 / 2)

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“几分钟后,当钢液中只剩下少量的硅与锰时,碳开始氧化,生成一氧化碳(放热)使钢液剧烈沸腾。”

“炉口由于溢出的一氧化碳的燃烧而出现巨大的火焰。最后,磷也发生氧化并进一步生成磷酸亚铁。”

“磷酸亚铁再跟生石灰反应生成稳定的磷酸钙和硫化钙,一起成为炉渣。”

“当磷与硫逐渐减少,火焰退落,炉口出现四氧化三铁的褐色蒸汽时,表明钢已炼成。”

“这时候即停止鼓风,并把转炉转到水平位置,把钢水倾至钢水包里,再加脱氧剂进行脱氧。”

“整个过程需要15分钟左右,如果空气是从炉底吹入,那就是低吹转炉。”

“还有氧气顶吹转炉 (也有侧吹转炉),这种转炉吹是高压工业纯氧,反应更为剧烈,能进一步提高生产效率和钢的质量。”

说完,顿了顿,静静等待着。

看着双眼的血红的洪天,还有旁边数十位盯着黑眼圈,聚精会神的人族精英,抱着一个厚厚大本子。

手持早就研究出来,木炭制作的铅笔,饥渴无比,奋笔疾书的记录书写,将自己不知道东西,新出现的名词全部记录下来。

这是朝歌未来的科学家!

待到洪天和学徒们停下手中的笔记,高逆继续说道。

“2:平炉炼钢法 ”

“平炉炼钢使用的氧化剂通入的空气和炉料里的氧化物,(废铁,废钢,铁矿石)。”

“反应所需的热量是由燃烧气体燃料(高炉煤气,发生炉煤气)或液体燃料(重油)所提供。”

“平炉的炉膛是一个耐火砖砌成的槽,上面有耐火砖制成的炉顶盖住。”

“平炉的前墙上有装料口,装料机就从这里把炉料装进去。”

“熔炼时关上耐火砖造成的门。炉膛的两端都筑有炉头,炉头各有两个孔道,供导入燃料与热空气,或从炉里导炉气之用。”

“平炉炼钢所用的原料有废钢、废铁、铁矿石和溶剂 (石灰石和生石灰)。”

“开始冶炼时,燃料遇到导入的热空气就在燃料面上燃烧,温度高达1800摄氏度。”

“热量直接由火焰传给炉料,使炉料迅速熔化 (铁的熔点是1535摄氏度,钢略低)。”

“同时有一部分熔化的生铁生成氧化亚铁,生铁里的杂质硅、锰被氧化亚铁氧化,生成炉渣。”

“由于炉里放有过量的石灰石,磷与硫等杂质就生成磷酸钙和硫化钙成为炉渣,其次碳也进行氧化,生成一氧化碳从熔化的金属里冒出,好象金属在沸腾一样。”

“反应快要进行完毕的时候,加入脱氧剂并定时把炉渣扒出,在冶炼将完成时要根据炉前分析 ,来检验钢的成色,炼锝的钢从出钢口流入钢水包里,再从钢水包注入模子里铸成制品或钢锭。

“在平炉里不但可加入液态生铁,而且可以加入固态的生铁以及夹攻以后的废铁和铁矿石等等。”

“另外,在平炉里如果用30%的富氧空气鼓风,同时在熔化的金属里吹入氧气,可使生产率提高80%,冶炼的时间缩短2~4小时,并可节约燃料,富氧空气也不需要预热。”

“还有电炉炼钢法,如果你洪天能将天雷掌控的话,这种方法最简单......”

“总之一句话,炼钢原理就是在高温条件下,用氧气或铁的氧化物把原矿石中所含的过量的碳和其它杂质转为气体或炉渣而除去。”

“在冶炼过程中不断有独特的创造,通过退火、正火、淬火、化学热处理等工艺,炼出了炒钢、百炼钢、万炼钢等等。”

“进行锻打加工并铸接成器,从矿石、燃料、筑炉、熔炼、鼓风和范铸技术等各个方面,成就了人工炼铁技术。”

一口气,洋洋洒洒将所有自己知道关于炼钢的原理,条件,高炉制造等等……

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