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第63章 起于林者,盐(1 / 2)

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林薛二女知道方才琏二哥讲的不是诗,是史,以史谈今,不言今者讳。

只是不知贾琏要讲的是国,还是家。

于国,她们二人太远,说无益;于家,她们二人太近,说有碍。

琏二哥留我二人,到底要讲什么?

...........

“二位妹妹方才也听到我的话了,这时与你们二人讲,也是从一故事讲起。”贾琏观二人言色,徐徐图之,“林妹妹可知,你父亲在江南为官的主要目的?”

黛玉才思过人,加之如今由卫恙教导,对天下事不说详知,江南一二风情还是了解的,贾琏由此问,立马想到父亲担任巡盐御史的任务,“二哥哥说的可是盐税?”

贾琏赞同地点点头,“姑父南下扬州是受陛下重托,去追缴盐税的。

在任数年,成效是有的,每年为朝廷多征得三四十万两盐税,已经是大功了,我想假以时日陛下就会调姑父回京了,到时你可于父母相聚了。”

“谢二哥哥告知!”黛玉听到此等不及下文,就连忙施礼谢人。

“妹妹不必谢我,我不过猜测而已。”贾琏婉言告知,“可光靠姑父一个人的用心,是不够的,盐税的问题不是一个人可以解决的。

二位妹妹,可知前朝的开中法?”

二人犹疑间,贾琏不再为难,自问自答。

“开中法,是前朝为了九边军粮供应问题而采取的措施,最早起源于宋朝,在前明得到光大。

该政策的关键就在于盐。

自汉武帝施行盐铁官营以来,盐业就受到朝廷的严格管制,而盐税本身就是朝廷的重要税源。

盐的具体产出销售由盐商负责,这是现在的讲法。但在明弘治五年以前,是没有专职的盐商的,都是由运销盐的商人,运输粮食到边地交给军队后,换取盐引,凭盐引到两淮、沿海的各盐场取得盐,然后再运输的。

但这其中是有问题的,从单纯地商业利益角度考虑,想要运销盐的商人运粮到边地这其中的损耗成本是很大的,这会挤压销售盐的利润。

于是诞生了商屯这一另类的屯田形式,不同于军屯,它是由商人们雇佣边地贫民进行垦荒,就地种粮,换取盐引。

这样一来,运销盐的利润变得其高无比,商人得了利,而边地百姓和军队也有好处,朝廷的财用支出得到减少。

这一做法仅从盐业运营上讲,打破了官营垄断的局面,取之以稍透明一些的官商合营,当然也是好的。

但到了弘治年间,这个做法就维持不下去了。

至于原因,就像前面说的,通过边地商屯的形式,运销盐的利润得到大幅提升。

这里的高利润也被达官显贵们所眼馋,前朝的皇室、宦官、勋贵、官僚都开始牵涉其中,导致了滥发盐引,进而导致了国家财用不足。

到弘治五年开始改革,商人们只需要交纳银子就可以直接换取盐引,无须再用粮食等军需物资作为交换了,也叫“开中折色”。

二位妹妹到了这里觉得如何?”

贾琏并不在意她们的反应,但也没有注意到,旁边方才精神不佳的王熙凤此时正看着他的侧脸,意味不明。

“这一举措从前论,破坏了明初定下的盐政边政相结合的方针,从后看,进一步加剧了国家财政的收支不平衡。

但在讲解为什么之前,我想问二位妹妹,什么是国家的边界?

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