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第431章 饮而得神(2 / 2)

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关于酒的传说更是不胜枚举!历来有猿猴造酒、仪狄造酒、杜康造酒三种传说!

第一,关于猿猴造酒说。猿猴以采集野果为生,且有善于藏果的特性。而在自然界中,果实的生长有着严格的季节性,故常要有所储存。洪荒时代的古猿将一时吃不完的果实藏于岩洞、石洼中,久而久之,果实腐烂,那含有糖分的野果通过自然界的野生酵母菌自然发酵而生成酒精、酒浆,因而有了“猿猴善采一百花酿酒“、“尝于石岩深处得猿酒“等传说!

《蓬拢夜话》《紫桃轩又缀》都提到黄山猿猴造酒的故事。“黄山多猿揉,春夏采杂花果于石洼中,酝酿成酒,香气溢发,闻数百步。野樵深入者或得偷饮之,不可多,多即减酒痕,觉之,众揉伺得人,必肠死之。”

《粤东笔记》、《粤西偶记》中都记叙过两广猿猴造酒的故事。“琼州多孩……尝于石岩深处得猿酒,盖猿以稻米杂百花所造,一石穴辄有五六升许,味最辣,然极难得。”

“粤西平乐等府山中多猿,善采百花酿酒。樵子入山,得其巢穴者,其酒多至数百石。饮之,香美异常,名曰猿酒。”

第二种是仪狄造酒说。仪狄造酒是最通行的说法,认为仪狄乃制酒之始祖。先秦时期史官修撰的《世本》就有“仪狄始作酒醪”的说法。

《吕氏春秋》云:仪狄作酒。汉代刘向编辑的《战国策》则记载:昔者,帝女令仪狄作酒而美,进之禹,禹饮而甘之,“后世必有饮酒而之国者。”遂疏仪狄而绝旨酒。

第三便是杜康造酒说。杜康造酒,这种说法除了一些文人这样说以外,在民间特别流行!

关键是口口相传,特别是由于曹操的乐府诗《短歌行》提到“何以解优,惟有杜康“而流行!在这里,杜康是酒的代名词,因此人们把姓杜名康的这个人当作了酿酒的祖师!

如今天下还有不少注释这首诗的人把杜康解释为最早酿酒者!

据说杜康是黄帝手下的一位大臣。当时,经过神农氏尝百草、辨五谷,人们开始耕地种粮食。杜康受命管理生产和保存粮食,很负责任。由于土地肥沃,风调雨顺,连年丰收,粮食越打越多,但是由于没有仓库和科学的保管方法,丰收的粮食堆在山洞里,时间一长,全都因潮湿而霉坏了。黄帝知道这件事后,非常生气,令杜康专职负责粮食保管,如有霉坏,从重处罚。杜康由一个负责粮食生产的大臣一下子降为粮库保管,心里十分难过。但他又想到螺祖、风后、仓颉等臣,都有所发明创造,立下大功。螺祖发明缫丝纺织,风后发明指南车,仓颉发明文字。唯独自己没有什么功劳,还犯了罪。想到这里,他的怒气全消了,并且暗自下决心:非把粮食保管这件事做好不可。

这章没有结束,请点击下一页继续阅读!此后,杜康在森林里发现了一片开阔地,周围有几棵大树枯死了,只剩下粗大的树干,里边已空了。杜康灵机一动,他想,如果把粮食装在树洞里,也许就不会霉坏了。于是,他把树林里凡是枯死的大树,都一一进行了掏空处理。不几天,就把打下的粮食全部装进树洞里了。谁知,两年以后,装在树洞里的粮食,经过风吹、日晒、雨淋,慢慢地发酵了。一天,杜康上山查看粮食时,突然发现一棵装有粮食的枯树周围躺着几只山羊、野猪和兔子。开始他以为这些野兽都是死的,走近一看,发现它们还活着,似乎都在睡大觉。杜康一时弄不清是啥原因,还在纳闷,一头野猪醒了过来。它一见来人,马上窜进树林去了。紧接着,山羊、兔子也一只只醒来逃走了。杜康上山时没带弓箭,所以也没有追赶。他正准备往回走,又发现两只山羊在装着粮食的树洞跟前低头用舌头舔着什么。杜康连忙躲到一棵大树背后观察,只见两只山羊舔了一会儿,就摇摇晃晃起来,走不远就躺倒在地上了。杜康飞快地跑过去把两只山羊捆起来。然后才详细察看山羊刚才用舌头舔过的地方。不看则罢,一看可把杜康吓了一跳。原来装粮食的树洞,已裂开一条缝子,里面的水不断往外渗出,山羊、野猪和兔子就是舔了这种水才倒在地上的。杜康用鼻子闻了一下,渗出来的水特别清香,自己不由得也尝了一口。味道虽然有些辛辣,但却特别醇美。他越尝越想尝,最后一连喝了几口。这一喝不要紧,霎时,只觉得天旋地转,刚向前走了两步,便身不由己地倒在地上昏昏沉沉地睡着了。

醒来后,杜康将树洞里渗出来的这种味道浓香的水盛了半罐去找黄帝。黄帝听完以后,仔细品尝了杜康带来的味道浓香的水,立刻与大臣们商议此事。大臣们一致认为这是粮食中的一种元气,并非毒水。黄帝没有责备杜康,命他继续观察,仔细琢磨其中的道理。又命仓颉给这种香味很浓的水取个名字。仓颉随口道:“此水味香而醇,饮而得神。“

饮而得神,谓之酒也!

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