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第33章 论封建制度(2 / 2)

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王潜笑着说道,然后将话题引回了正轨:

“鉴于夏朝覆灭的经验教训,商汤便并将自己的兄弟、子侄们分封到了各个邦国当中,由自己的这些亲人们,协助自己共同统治这个王朝。

商朝开创的封邦建国,便是所谓的封建制度。”

“原来是这样!”

随着王潜话落,众人也一脸恍然的点了点头,这才明白了封建制的含义。

刘宏却是忍不住问道:

“老师,依照您的说法,周与商决战之时,双方的生产力,似乎并无太大的差距,那周朝又是如何取代商朝的呢?”

王潜笑着说道:“这个原因有很多,同夏朝一样,商朝虽开创了封建制度,但同样也是摸着石头过河。

因此,商朝草创的这个制度,也留下了许多缺陷,如商朝分封的同族诸侯国,只占了整个国土的一小部分,时间一久,诸侯国的势力,便超过了商人。

继承制度的不明确,导致政治环境混乱,内部争斗不断,进而造成了后来的九世之乱;

再如商人沉迷于占卜迷信,就连国家大事,都靠占卜来决定。

所谓的封建迷信,便是源于此处!

这种情况下,其治理水平自然堪忧!”

“以上种种缺陷的累加,这才造成了商朝的覆灭!”

“后来,周朝建立,便吸取教训,将原来的邦国,全都分封给了周王室的近亲族人。

这也是为什么,周王朝建立初期的七十一个邦国之中,有五十三个诸侯国君主都姓姬的原因。”

“靠着血脉姻亲的关系,确保了周王室对天下的的统治。”

“这,就是所谓的“封建亲戚,以藩屏周。”的说法”

“除此之外,周朝还吸取了商朝政治混乱的教训,在分封制的基础上创建了“周礼”,不仅确立了嫡长子继承制,更是对诸侯与王室之间的地位关系进行了严格的划分。”

“在礼仪的规范之下,进而出现了所谓的“溥天之下,莫非王土。率土之滨,莫非王臣。”的大一统思想……”

听着王潜在那滔滔不绝的讲述,课堂外的曹操,也是听的入了迷。

过去的时候,他所以不喜读书,就是因为觉得那些东西枯燥、乏味,且学不到任何东西。

而今,王潜的这一番讲述,无疑是重构了他对史书的认知,推开了通往一个新世界的大门。

一时间,曹操看向王潜的目光中,不禁多了一丝炙热。

对于曹操的内心变化,王潜没有过多注意,仍旧自顾自的讲道:

“周朝对封建制度的完善,虽然进一步确立了周王室的地位,但那终究只是暂时性的而已。

因为封建制度本身,就存在一个致命的缺陷,那就是它是依托在血缘关系的基础上建立的。

但随着时间的推移,血缘关系也会越来越远,到了周幽王时代,面对犬戎的进犯,各地诸侯竟全都选择了袖手旁观。”

“所谓的“烽火戏诸侯”,不过就是诸侯为了不听周王室的调遣,而自行杜撰的一个故事而已,万万当不得真。”

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