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第47章 春秋时期,战争也要遵守礼仪(一)(1 / 1)

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孟子说“春秋无义战”,春秋时期没有正义的战争。

对老百姓来说,战争是很可怕的。社会动荡之下,受难的首当其冲便是黎民百姓。但是孟子并非站在老百姓的角度提出“春秋无义战”。他的立足点仍然是礼法:“彼善于此,则有之矣。征者,上伐下也,敌国不相征也。”孟子认为,一个诸侯国相比另一个诸侯国更加强大,这种现象肯定是存在的。但是所谓征,是指上朝讨伐下国,而同等级的国家之间是不能够相互讨伐的。所以,同等级国家之间的战争,不是义战。

孟子的这个说法源出孔子。在《论语》中,孔子说:“天下有道,则礼乐征伐自天子出。天下无道,则礼乐征伐自诸侯出。”孔子认为,只有天子才有权利制订礼乐制度和号令出兵打仗,这才是合乎道和礼的,诸侯没有权利做这样的事。故孔子认为春秋时期诸侯混战是礼崩乐坏的表现。孔子一生追求复周礼,期待能够恢复西周初期的礼乐制度,继而在复周礼的基础上建立一个理想中的大同社会。这就难怪孔子周游列国却不受诸侯待见了。他如果只是提出“复礼”,而非“复周礼”,获得的待遇可能会有些不一样。

相比起来,道家对待战争的态度更加悲悯,更有人文温度。老子说:天下有道,却走马以粪;天下无道,戎马生于郊。天下有道太平安定的时候,战马将被放到田间帮农夫耕种;而天下无道战乱频仍的时候,怀胎的母马都会被送上战场,就连马驹子也只能在战场的郊外生下来啊。乱世之中,连畜生都受到牵连,不得安生,更何况人呢?

春秋无义战,却很守礼。春秋时期的战争很讲文明礼貌,很有仪式感,甚至有一整套的战争礼仪。

首先是要宣而后战。诸侯如果想要发动战争,必须要派使者送战书正式通知对方,并给出一个明确的作战理由:“兄弟,我看中了你家西边那块地,如果你不给我,我就要来打你了。”双方要约定好作战的时间和地点,甚至连参战人数都要约定清楚。战争地点必须约在两国边疆或者野外,目的是避免损坏城市和伤及无辜。这便是后世将战争称作疆场的由来。

其次是不斩来使。应战方无论生气还是不生气,都要设下宴席,吟诗、奏乐,好酒好肉款待来使。双方在席间推杯换盏,宾主尽欢之时,彼此还可以输出一顿嘴炮来助兴。这个优良传统一直延续到了战国时代。比如唐雎出使秦国,视死如归地怒骂秦王:“若士必怒,伏尸二人,流血五步,天下缟素。”你别惹我啊,我要发起脾气来,就和你同归于尽,到时五步之内流淌着鲜血,天下百姓都要穿白色的孝服。他喊出这样的狠话,秦王不仅不杀他,还起身谢罪,让他不辱使命,毫发无伤回到自己的国家,这妥妥就是先秦版的网络爽文。在春秋战国时期,纵横家这个职业大受欢迎是有道理的。好吃好喝着,还能大声骂人,大声讲道理,骂完后回来还有奖赏,这样的职业谁不爱?

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