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第355章 贝塞麦转炉炼钢法(1 / 2)

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实际上,《天工开物》里面所记载的炼铁工艺,在这个时代里并不落伍,可以说是当时非常先进的炼铁工艺,即便是比起西方同时期的炼铁技术而言,也要先进许多。

“凡铁分生、熟,出炉未炒则生,既炒则熟。生熟相和,炼成则钢。凡铁炉用盐做造,和泥砌成。

其炉多傍山穴为之,或用巨木匡围.......后,从炉腰孔流出。炉孔先用泥塞。每旦昼六时,一时出铁一陀。既出即叉泥塞,鼓风再熔。”

“凡钢铁炼法,用熟铁打成薄片如指头阔,长寸半许,以铁片束尖紧,生铁安置其上,广南生铁名堕子生钢者妙甚。又用破草履盖其上,粘带泥土者,故不速化。泥涂其底下。洪炉鼓媾,火力到时,生钢先化,渗淋熟铁之中,两情投合,取出加锤。再炼再锤,不一而足。俗名团钢,亦曰灌钢者是也。”

林敬将五金篇中的这一段念了出来,感慨道:“长庚,你的《天工开物》上面记载的炼铁工艺的确已经很完善,其中不光有铸造生铁、熟铁的方式,甚至还有铸造钢铁的工艺,如果能够大规模生产,光靠这一套基本上就足够了。”

的确,针对这一套工艺而言,林敬并不需要做更大的调整,它里面采用了活塞式鼓风技术,较欧洲皮囊式鼓风设备更为先进,而且还采用了响铜合金、响器成型、铁锚锻造、钢针拉制以及‘生铁淋口’等特殊化学热处理工艺和金属复合材料技术,即便到了现在也依然在沿用。

听到林敬的称赞后,宋应星脸上流露出些许的感激之色,他的毕生心血都系于此书,因此里面的任何一篇文字都是经过了反复考证,然而只可惜当世并没有太多人重视这本书,他原本有些心灰意冷,如今听到了太子的赞叹,自然是颇为开心。

“臣.......臣只是做得臣该做的事情!”

林敬轻轻点了点头,继续说道:“不过里面有些地方确实可以再完善,特别是炼钢法完全可以再进一步。”

目前《天工开物》上面采用的炼钢法主要是传统的灌钢法,它将生铁放在下面,熟铁放在上面,等到高温时让生铁先于熟铁融化,然后渗淋到熟铁上,而这个熔断层就可以出钢,而这种法子既可产生很好的渗碳作用,又可产生剧烈的氧化作用,使铁和渣分离,生产出含渣少而成份均匀的钢材。

这种法子固然在这个时代非常优秀,可是也有其自身的缺陷,要知道生铁水不是好的渗碳剂,它质地粘稠,对碳与许多杂质都无法得到处理而留在内部,而这样处理后的灌钢只能让内部熟铁的表面一层得到渗碳,而一旦冷却下来,表面凝固的铁水就会成为含碳量高的部分,这样的结果就是含碳量不均匀。

而通过这种法子造出来的灌钢容易出现外部硬而脆,内部软的情况,而且在忽视了锻造的作用时,用来造枪管并不是特别合适。

至于林敬想要采用的炼钢方法则是贝塞麦转炉炼钢法,这种技巧原本是在19世纪才出现,它是由英国发明家贝塞麦所发明出来的一种炼钢方式,而直接导致他寻找新炼钢法的契机则是因为军备和战争的需要。

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