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第351章 逋欠与赖账(1 / 2)

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当这场针对大明财政改革的朝对进行到这里的时候,林敬基本上已经达成了目的,在这么多手段齐出的情况下,辽饷的确已经可以宣布废除了。

毕竟相对于林敬提出的这几种财政改革措施,辽饷本身带来的负面作用实在太大了,甚至其本身所催生出来的动荡,使得大明日益陷入崩溃的边缘。

然而,在众臣已经接受了这一事实的时候,林敬却并不满足于当下,他决定继续勇往直前,抛出了今天的最后一个议题,也是当下最为敏感的一个话题。

“盐税且不再去说它,再说说逋欠吧。”

什么是逋欠?说白了就是拖欠赋税。

听到林敬依然将话题说到这一项的时候,陈演却是在心底摇了摇头,纵使林敬已经让他感觉到足够惊讶,可是他依然不认为林敬能够解决这个问题,原因很简单,大明的逋欠实在是一个历史悠久的东西。

林敬继续道:“我大明眼下只完解部银一百一十七万两,可是拖欠的却高达七百八十七万两,其中地无兵荒岁称稍有者,则拖欠更严重。当然,这个问题已经有上百年的历史,似乎也怪不得咱们后来者。”

说到这里的时候,林敬脸上却闪过一丝苦笑,的确如此,大明朝两百多年几乎一直在跟逃税者做斗争,从永乐开始就已经存在了大量的逋欠,像永乐后期,光是苏州一府的每年逋欠就高达百万石。

当然,永乐时期的逋欠原因并不复杂,由于朱棣迁都京师,导致明廷急需江南财富北上输血,而这违背了江南士绅的利益,他们并不甘心老老实实交税,此外迁都京城之后,势必导致明廷对江南的控制力减弱,因此逋欠也就并不奇怪了。

不过后来到了宣德时期,以周忱等精干官僚为代表,对江南的积欠和漕运进行了相当有成效的治理,一直延续到正德中后期,使得江南的逋欠减少了许多,可是由于周忱属于当时王振一派,因此在土木堡之后,周忱也被拿了下来,导致局面彻底无法挽回。

因此,从正德中后期开始,江南逋赋数额逐年增长,已经形成了一个骑虎难下的架势,而特别是像皇帝每年一百万两的金花银,光是嘉靖三十年到嘉靖三十九年,累计欠三百四十八万;再如万历三十七年,岁欠金花银及三十二万;天启六年统计,各省拖欠金花银二百余万;崇祯六、七年金花银共逋八十九万。

当皇帝自己的钱都被拖欠的时候,更不用说朝廷的赋税了。

“江南逋赋名目方法繁多,如活洒、死寄、畸零带管、寄庄等,而浙西一带盛行‘铁脚诡寄’,即以田产寄在亲

友或佃户名下,减少册籍上的资产,来实现逋赋的目的,这些人不纳粮、不纳耗,地方逋负自然日积月累,再加上乱挂产业于别人名下,结果祸害小民,小民无法申诉,又无力负担,便整家相率逃亡。”

林敬说到这里时,甚至不由得叹了一口气,道:“就连朝廷体恤民情而专门免除的税粮优惠,也都被这些人给利用了起来,富户们自然不用再交税,可是普通的小民输租如故,甚至还要给什么‘脚步钱’和‘冬牲’......”

众臣对此自然是心知肚明,实际上大明朝就是这么过下来的,从小民到势豪都是拖欠的主体,而积欠逋赋的银子也都被种种名头给抹掉了,特别是到了后面,下至贫民百姓上至达官显绅,家家户户都拖欠了几十年的逋赋,然后每次有新皇登基的时候,又会以各种形式免除掉,哪怕是崇祯也下旨免除过几次积欠.......

当上上下下都是这么一副态度的时候,无论是士绅还是百姓,自然要想方设法来逋赋,特别是那些地方士绅们,常常在官府清缴逋赋的时候,煽动百姓们抗粮不交,甚至殴打税吏,而朝廷又无力整治乱象,使得逋赋已经成为了一个常态。

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