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第31章 关于乌孙,结(2 / 2)

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2、不同部落的男女甚少有机会接触,令丧偶的妇女改嫁困难,大多被夫家的部落成员收继。

3、在乌孙,生产以家族为单位,收继婚的实行保持家族完整和稳定。倘若继承者的生母年纪老迈,她常会由继承者负责赡养;年轻的就会在夫家家族内改嫁。

古道

乌孙古道是贯通南疆与伊犁之间的交通便道,起始于新疆昭苏县夏塔乡境内、向南沿夏塔河谷、翻越冰达坂、终至南疆阿克苏地区温宿县境内,民间传说称唐玄奘曾穿越此古道。

清初,南疆和田、喀什、阿克苏等地区的很多维吾尔族百姓经过古道举家迁移至伊犁地区的昭苏。这古道也是探险爱好者涉足的古道。

乌孙古道北衔准噶尔盆地,南控塔里木绿洲,是贯通天山南北的咽喉,历史上许多游牧民族都要争夺这块宝地。

1949年三区革命军从琼库什台出发,经阿克布拉克达坂,到达拜城的黑英山,以此为基地,转向西攻下了拜城,而在继续向西攻打阿克苏的战斗中,遭遇顽强抵抗和反击,最后夺取了夏特古道南口,经夏特古道返回伊犁。

《汉书·西域传》:“是岁,神爵二年也。乃因使吉并护北道,故号曰都护。都护之起,自吉置矣。僮仆都尉由此罢,匈奴益弱,不得近西域。于是徙屯田,田于北胥鞬,披莎车之地,屯田校尉始属都护。都护督察乌孙、康居诸外国,动静有变以闻。”

[8] 《汉书·西域传》:“都护郑吉使冯夫人说乌就屠,以汉兵方出,必见灭,不如降。乌就屠恐,曰:“愿得小号。”宣帝征冯夫人,自问状。遣谒者竺次、期门甘延寿为副,送冯夫人。冯夫人锦车持节,诏乌就屠诣长罗侯赤谷城,立元贵靡为大昆弥,乌就屠为小昆弥,皆赐印绶。破羌将军不出塞还。后乌就屠不尽归诸翕侯民众,汉复遣长罗侯惠将三校屯赤谷,因为分别其人民地界,大昆弥户六万余,小昆弥户四万余,然众心皆附小昆弥。”

[9] 《后汉书·西域传》:“自乌孙分立两昆弥后,汉用忧劳,且无宁岁。”

[10] 《后汉书·班梁列传》:“建初三年,超率疏勒、康居、于窴、居弥兵一万人攻姑墨石城,破之,斩首七百级。超欲因此叵平诸国,乃上疏请兵。曰:臣窃见先帝欲开西城,故北击匈奴,西使外国,鄯善、于窴即时向化。今拘弥、莎车、疏勒、月氏、乌孙、康居复愿归附,欲共并力破灭龟兹,平通汉道。”

这章没有结束,请点击下一页继续阅读![11] 《后汉书·班梁列传》:“超既破番辰,欲进攻龟兹。以乌孙兵强,宜历其力,乃上言:“乌孙大国,控弦十万,故武帝妻以公主,至孝宣皇帝,卒得其用。今可遣使招慰,与共合力。”帝纳之。八年,拜超为将兵长史,假鼓吹幢麾。以徐干为军司马,别遣卫侯李邑护送乌孙使者,赐大小昆弥以下锦帛……超即遣邑将乌孙侍子还京师。”

[12] 《后汉书·耿弇列传》:“永平十七年冬,骑都尉刘张出击车师,请恭为司马,与奉车都尉窦固及从弟驸马都尉秉破降之。始置西域都护、戊己校尉,乃以恭为戊己校尉,屯后王部金蒲城,谒者关宠为戊己校尉,屯前王柳中城,屯各置数百人。恭至部,移檄乌孙,示汉威德,大昆弥以下皆欢喜,遣使献名马,及奉宣帝时所赐公主博具,愿遣子入侍。恭乃发使赍金帛,迎其侍子。”

[13] 《后汉书·张王种陈列传》:“会匈奴寇并、凉二州,桓帝擢暠为度辽将军。暠到营所,先宣恩信,诱降诸胡,其有不服,然后加讨。羌虏先时有生见获质于郡县者,悉遣还之。诚心怀抚,信赏分明,由是羌胡、龟兹、莎车、乌孙等皆来顺服。”

[14] 《资治通鉴·汉纪四十六》:“延熹元年(戊戌,公元一五八年)十二月,南匈奴诸部并叛,与乌桓、鲜卑寇缘边九郡……以种暠为度辽将军……种暠到营所,先宣恩信,诱降诸胡,其有不服,然后加讨;羌虏先时有生见获质于郡县者,悉遣还之;诚心怀抚,信赏分明,由是羌、胡皆来顺服。

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