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第623章 晋13(1 / 2)

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人物生平

受诏辅政

司马曦起初过继给堂伯叔父武陵哀王司马喆为后嗣。

太兴元年(318年)六月二十三日,司马曦受封为武陵王。1-3

咸和初年(326年),司马曦担任散骑常侍。后来朝廷将湘东增入武陵国,作为司马曦的食邑,并任命司马曦为左将军。后来改任镇军将军,加任散骑常侍。4

咸康八年(342年)六月初六日,司马曦与会稽王司马昱、中书监庾冰、中书令何充、尚书令诸葛恢共同接受晋成帝司马衍临终遗诏,担任顾命大臣,辅佐朝政。5

六月初七日,晋成帝去世。六月初九日,晋康帝司马岳继位6

,加任司马曦为侍中、特进。7

朝之重臣

建元元年(343年),司马曦兼任秘书监。8

永和元年(345年)正月十四日,司马曦进位镇军大将军9

、开府仪同三司。10

永和八年(352年)七月初十日,司马曦升任太宰。11-13

太和初年(366年),晋废帝司马奕赐给司马曦仪仗队,外加羽葆和鼓吹,并允许他享受入朝可以不碎步疾行、朝拜行礼可以不自报名姓、上殿可以佩剑着履的待遇。但司马曦没有接受,并坚决地辞让。14

免于诛杀

司马曦没有学识才能,喜好习武练兵,因此遭到大司马桓温的忌恨15

,桓温很想将他废黜。

太和六年(371年)十一月,桓温废黜晋废帝司马奕,改立司马昱为帝,是为晋简文帝。同月二十一日,桓温上表诬告司马曦说:“司马曦出身于皇族,恩宠显耀于世,不能遵循王法,修身慎行,却聚合轻浮小人,隐藏亡命之徒。另外,他的儿子司马综傲慢残忍,施虐于人。袁真叛逆,事情与他有牵连。近来他猜疑恐惧,将会成为祸乱的缘由。请求免除司马曦的官职,让他以王的身份返回藩地。免除其子司马综的官职,解除其子司马?散骑常侍的官职。”晋简文帝于是同意。17

司马?以梁王的身份跟随司马曦,司马曦遭贬黜后,送八十五匹马、三百名士兵及其兵器归于桓温。18

十一月十七日,桓温派其弟桓秘逼迫新蔡王司马晃诬称自己与司马曦、司马综及着作郎殷涓、太宰长史庾倩、掾曹秀、舍人刘强、散骑常侍庾柔等人阴谋反叛。晋简文帝面对他流下眼泪,桓温把他们全都抓起来送交廷尉。19

十一月二十一日,御史中丞司马恬在桓温的指令下进上表章(一说是桓温自己上表,请求杀掉司马曦),请求晋简文帝杀掉司马曦等人,言词非常激烈恳切。但在晋简文帝的坚持下,桓温虽然再作请求仍不得同意。桓温于是奏请黜废司马曦及其三子,将司马曦全家迁徙到新安郡。十一月二十二日,桓温将殷涓等人诛灭全族,废黜司马晃流放衡阳郡。

20

去世平反

太元六年(381年)十月,司马曦在新安郡逝世,享年六十六岁。晋孝武帝司马曜在司马曦死后第三天亲临西堂,下诏说:“这是摧人肺腑之事,应奉迎灵柩,同时移葬其妃子应氏和故世子梁王司马?等,家属都迁徙回来。”晋孝武帝又下诏说:“已故的前武陵王司马曦出身皇室,克己思过。依照先朝的仁义宽厚,怎能于情礼无所寄托呢!现追封他为新宁郡王,食邑一千户。”22

于是追封司马曦为新宁郡王,谥号威,并由其子司马遵继嗣。23

太元十二年(387年),晋孝武帝恢复司马曦的武陵王爵位。

官爵变迁

官职:散骑常侍→左将军→镇军将军,加任散骑常侍→顾命大臣,侍中、特进(随后又领秘书监)→镇军大将军、开府仪同三司→太宰

爵位:武陵王

历史评价

桓温:“曦体自皇极,故宠灵光世,不能率由王度,修己慎行,而聚纳轻剽,苞藏亡命。又息综矜忍,虐加于人。袁真叛逆,事相连染。顷自猜惧,将成乱阶。”25

司马曜:“故前武陵王体自皇极,克己思愆。仰惟先朝仁宥之旨,岂可情礼靡寄!”25

房玄龄《晋书》:“曦无学术而有武干,为桓温所忌。”

司马焕 (317年~318年),字耀祖,河内郡温县(今河南省温县)人。东晋皇室,晋元帝司马睿第五子,晋简文帝司马昱同母兄,生母郑阿春。

受封琅琊王,承袭祖父琅琊恭王司马觐爵位。大兴元年 (318年),不幸早夭,年仅两岁,谥号为悼。

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