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第597章 吴7(2 / 2)

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初平三年(192年[102] ),孙坚被杀,孙策举家迁到江都。在江都期间,孙策数次拜访扬州名士张纮,和他研究天下大势。并说出了其立足江东的策划,第一步从袁术手中索要其父孙坚的部队,然后渡江南下寻求其舅父丹阳太守吴景的支持,以丹阳为根据地招募军队,占领吴、会稽等郡,进而讨伐刘表、黄祖,为其父孙坚报仇,最后建立孙吴政权。该策划得到了张纮的认同,并在张纮的补充完善下,成为孙吴政权建立和发展的既定策略[122] 。[54]

决裂袁术

建安二年(197年),袁术占有传国玉玺正式僭越称帝,孙策趁机与其决裂。孙策之所以如此,是因为他一方面可以摆脱袁术的势力,攻占扬州;另一方面进攻刘表,为其父孙坚报仇,最后实现“荆、扬可一”的既定策略。因此孙策上表朝廷要讨伐袁术,随后曹操派议郎王誧携带汉献帝的诏书给孙策,任命他为骑都尉,袭父爵乌程侯。

建安三年(198年),孙策又向汉廷贡献礼物。汉廷任命他为讨逆将军,封为吴侯。孙策因此在舆论上得到汉政府的承认。[54]

奠定基业

孙策性格豁达开朗乐于接受意见,又善于用人,所以兵士和百姓都愿意为他效死。他又严申军令,不得掳掠民间财物,受到百姓的欢迎。用短短三四年的时间,孙策迅速削平了大量割据势力,占有了吴郡、会稽郡、丹阳郡、庐江郡和豫章郡,基本上控制了扬州的广大地区,为孙吴立国奠定了基础。他不仅是当时几大政治军事集团中实力发展最快的一个,而且是魏、蜀、吴三国创业者中最年轻的一个。[

历史评价

汉末三国

袁术:使术有子如孙郎,死复何恨?[

曹操:猘儿,谓难与争锋。[57]

刘繇:其意颇猥。[136]

王朗:策勇冠一世,有俊才大志。张子布,民之望也,北面而相之。周公瑾,江淮之杰,攘臂而为其将。谋而有成,所规不细,终为天下大贼,非徒狗盗而已。[58]

刘晔:孙策多谋而善用兵。[59]

张纮:①昔周道陵迟,齐、晋并兴;王室已宁,诸侯贡职。今君绍先侯之轨,有骁武之名,若投丹杨,收兵吴会,则荆、扬可一,雠敌可报。据长江,奋威德,诛除群秽,匡辅汉室,功业侔於桓、文,岂徒外籓而已哉?方今世乱多难,若功成事立,当与同好俱南济也。[57] ②策才略绝异,平定三郡,风行草偃,加以忠敬款诚,乃心王室。[60]

虞翻:讨逆将军智略超世,用兵如神[131] 。[61]

许贡:孙策骁雄,与项籍相似,宜加贵宠,召还京邑。若被诏不得不还,若放于外必作世患。[57]

孙策:举江东之众,决机于两阵之间,与天下争衡,卿不如我;举贤任能,各尽其心,以保江东,我不如卿。

郭嘉:策新并江东,所诛皆英豪雄杰,能得人死力者也。然策轻而无备,虽有百万之众,无异于独行中原也。若刺客伏起,一人之敌耳。以吾观之,必死于匹夫之手。[59]

朱治:讨逆继世,廓定六郡,特以君侯骨肉至亲,器为时生,故表汉朝,剖符大郡,兼建将校,仍关综两府,荣冠宗室,为远近所瞻。[89]

孙秀:昔讨逆弱冠以一校尉创业,今后主举江南而弃之,宗庙山陵,于此为墟。悠悠苍天,此何人哉![90]

董袭:江东地势,有山川之固,而讨逆明府,恩德在民。讨虏承基,大小用命,张昭秉众事,袭等为爪牙,此地利人和之时也,万无所忧。

两晋南北朝

陈寿:①策为人,美姿颜,好笑语,性阔达听受,善於用人,是以士民见者,莫不尽心,乐为致死。[57] ②策英气杰济,猛锐冠世,览奇取异,志陵中夏。然皆轻佻果躁,陨身致败。割据江东,策之基兆也,而权尊崇未至,子止侯爵,于义俭矣。[57]

小主,这个章节后面还有哦,请点击下一页继续阅读,后面更精彩!《吴录》:孙将军为人,恶胜己者,若每问,当言不知,乃合意耳。如皆辨义,此必危殆。

傅玄:孙策为人明果独断,勇盖天下,以父坚战死,少而合其兵将以报雠,转斗千里,尽有江南之地,诛其名豪,威行邻国。[62]

陆机《辨亡论》:武烈既没,长沙桓王逸才命世。弱冠秀发,招揽遗老,与之述业。神兵东驱,奋寡犯众,攻无坚城之将,战无交锋之虏。诛叛柔服而江外厎定,饬法修师而威德翕赫,宾礼名贤而张昭为之雄,交御豪俊而周瑜为之杰。彼二君子,皆弘敏而多奇,雅达而聪哲,故同方者以类附,等契者以气集,而江东盖多士矣。将北伐诸华,诛锄干纪,旋皇舆于夷庚,反帝座于紫闼,挟天子以令诸侯,清天步而归旧物。戎车既次,群凶侧目,大业未就,中世而陨。

华谭:吴武烈父子皆以英杰之才,继承大业。今以陈敏凶狡,七弟顽冗,欲蹑桓王之高踪,蹈大皇之绝轨,远度诸贤,犹当未许也。[64]

程琅:帝王亦一夫之敌耳,孙策之祸可不虑乎![65]

孙盛:孙氏兄弟皆明略绝群。创基立事,策之由也,自临终之日,顾命委权。夫意气之间,犹有刎颈,况天伦之笃爱,豪达之英鉴,岂吝名号于既往,违本情之至实哉?抑将远思虚盈之数,而慎其名器者乎?夫正本定名,为国之大防;杜绝疑贰,消衅之良谟。是故鲁隐矜义,终致羽父之祸;宋宣怀仁,卒有殇公之哀。皆心存小善,而不达经纶之图;求誉当年,而不思贻厥之谋。可谓轻千乘之国,蹈道则未也。孙氏因扰攘之际,得奋其纵横之志,业非积德之基,邦无磐石之固,势一则禄祚可终,情乖则祸乱尘起,安可不防微于未兆,虑难于将来?壮哉!策为首事之君,有吴开国之主;将相在列,皆其旧也,而嗣子弱劣,析薪弗荷,奉援则鲁桓、田巿之难作,崇之则与夷、子冯之祸兴。是以正名定本,使贵贱殊邈,然后国无陵肆之责,后嗣罔猜忌之嫌,群情绝异端之论,不逞杜觊觎之心;于情虽违,于事虽俭,至于括囊远图,永保维城,可谓为之于其未有,治之于其未乱者也。陈氏之评,其未达乎!

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