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第547章 汉38(1 / 2)

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外交

月氏(贵霜帝国)曾帮助东汉击破车师,到了汉章帝章和元年(公元87年),贵霜帝国献上珍宝、扶拔(长颈鹿)[] 、狮子,[] 以求娶东汉公主。然而班超拒绝了贵霜的和亲请求,贵霜王由此心生怨恨。[] 不过这也是外邦进贡狮子与长颈鹿的最早记载,[] 标志着狮子与长颈鹿传入中国。[]

历史评价

曹丕:明帝察察,章帝长者。[]

范晔:①章帝素知人厌明帝苛切,事从宽厚。感陈宠之义,除惨狱之科。深元元之爱,着胎养之令。奉承明德太后,尽心孝道。割裂名都,以崇建周亲。平徭简赋,而人赖其庆。又体之以忠恕,文之以礼乐。故乃蕃辅克谐,群后德让。谓之长者,不亦宜乎!在位十三年,郡国所上符瑞,合于图书者数百千所。乌呼懋哉![] ②肃宗济济,天性恺悌。于穆后德,谅惟渊体。左右艺文,斟酌律礼。思服帝道,弘此长懋。儒馆献歌,戎亭虚候。气调时豫,宪平人富。[]

薛莹:章帝以继世承平,天下无事,敬奉神明,友于兄弟,悉省徭赋,绥静兆民,除苛法,蠲禁锢,抑有仁贤之风矣。是以阴阳洽和,而百姓安乐;众瑞并集,不可胜载,考之图籍,有徵云尔。

袁崧:孝章皇帝宏裕有余,明断不足。闺房谗惑,外戚擅宠。惜乎!若明、章二主,损有余而补不足,则古之贤君矣。[]

钱时:章帝素号长者,愚谓章帝之病则正在不刚耳。[]

黄仁宇:严格讲来,东汉或后汉只有起首的三个君主能有所作为;此即光武帝刘秀之“中兴”,明帝刘庄的用严刑峻法巩固其帝国,并用各种建筑及仪礼使君权神秘化和美术化,与章帝刘坦之重申儒家宗旨,以加强施政时道德力量的支持。[]

方寄傲:经过刘炟不懈地努力,汉朝又出现了欣欣向荣的景象。刘炟勤政爱民、虚怀纳谏的仁君之名得以名留千古。刘庄在位时采用铁血政策,至今为止,朝中大臣仍然对当初动辄杀人盈千的恐怖形象心有余悸,因此,刘炟采取的仁治,无疑是收取人心的绝佳手段。加上对汉朝周边地区的和平政策,刀枪入库,马放南山,人民重新得以休息,沉重的税赋、徭役得以减轻,天下千万百姓有感皇帝恩德,浩荡天恩,为民所赞叹。一时之间,天下归心。

善于书法

刘炟是一位书法家,他的草书非常有名,后世流行的“章草”,据说就是由于刘炟的爱好而形成的一种书体。章草是早期的草书,始于汉代,“今草”的前身。由草写的隶书演变而成。与”今草”的区别主要是保留隶书笔法的形迹,上下字独立而不连写。[]

营救汉将

北匈奴趁东汉皇位交替,派兵进攻车师,杀死车师后王,转而攻打戊己校尉耿恭的驻地,将其围入城中。此时正值汉明帝已死,救兵不至,车师国又背叛汉朝,与匈奴合兵进攻耿恭。汉兵粮尽,陷入困境。他们煮铠弩食其筋革,拒绝匈奴的招降,坚守城池。直至汉章帝继位,才出兵战败匈奴。当援兵来到耿恭守城时,城中仅余26人。待随汉军回至玉门关时,仅剩了13人,而且衣服洞破褴褛,形容憔悴枯槁。玉门关守将感动得亲自为他们沐浴更衣,史称“十三将士归玉门”。[

明辨忠奸

建初八年(公元83年),刘炟拜班超为将兵长史,升任徐干为军司马,另外派遣卫侯李邑护送乌孙使者,赏赐大小昆弥锦帛。

李邑走到于阗时,正赶上龟兹进攻疏勒,他吓得不敢再向前行。为了掩饰自己的怯懦,他上书给刘炟,谎称班超的西域事业根本实现不了,又诬陷班超拥抱爱妻,怀抱幼子,在国外享受安乐,没有用心考虑国内的事情。班超听闻后叹息不已,说:“我比不上曾参却有三至之谗,恐怕现在会有人怀疑我了。”于是,毅然让妻子离开了自己。

刘炟深知班超忠心,并没有听信李邑诋毁班超的谗言,而且严厉责备李邑,说:“如果班超真的只顾拥抱爱妻,怀抱幼子,那么思念家乡的士卒一千多人,怎么可能都跟班超同心同德呢?”然后令李邑接受班超的调度,任凭班超处置李邑。[

息事宁人

成语“息事宁人”一词最早出自刘炟在都城洛阳发布的诏书中。刘炟为了缓和人民内部矛盾,在元和二年(公元85年)春,向三公下诏说:“春天正是万物萌芽、繁衍生息的季节,要创造一切有利条件,顺应天时。对那些违法之人,只要其罪不到必须诛死的程度,不要过分追究,要尽量息事宁人,以敬奉天气,待立秋后再恢复往常办法。”[] []

沁园春游

刘炟在位时期,章德窦皇后的哥哥窦宪因为有窦皇后撑腰,便骄横了起来。他看上了沁水公主的田园(沁园),就以低价强买了它。沁水公主忌惮窦皇后的权势,不敢计较,只好忍气吞声地接受了这桩不公平的买卖。

本小章还未完,请点击下一页继续阅读后面精彩内容!一年春天,刘炟外出巡幸,经过沁园,指着沁园问窦宪,窦宪语塞不能对答,搪塞了过去。刘炟便查明真相,大怒,召来窦宪怒斥道:“你强买沁水公主田园,还学赵高指鹿为马,反复深思后使人惊恐。先帝永平年间,常令阴党、阴博、邓叠三人更相纠察,因而各个豪戚没有敢犯法的。现在公主的园林你都敢枉夺,更何况平民百姓呢!国家抛弃你窦宪,就像扔掉一只腐烂的死老鼠一样!”窦宪十分震惧,章德窦皇后毁服谢罪,过了很久刘炟才放过了窦宪,并命令窦宪把沁园归还沁水公主才算作罢。虽然刘炟没有将窦宪绳之以法,但再也不授以重任。[]

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