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第506章 汉10(1 / 2)

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他的这首清丽隽永,笔调流畅的《秋风辞》,历来为人们所称道。此诗虽是即兴之作,一波三折,抒写得曲折缠绵。沈德潜《古诗源》卷二:“《离骚》遗响。文中子谓乐极哀来,其悔心之萌乎?”以“《离骚》遗响”观之,乃就文辞而言,沈德潜的评价非常切实。鲁迅称此诗“缠绵流丽,虽词人不能过也。”

秋风辞

秋风起兮白云飞,草木黄兮雁南归。兰有秀兮菊有芳,怀佳人兮不能忘。泛楼船兮济汾河,横中流兮扬素波。萧鼓鸣兮发棹歌,欢乐极兮哀情多。少壮几时兮奈老何!

瓠子歌其一

瓠子决兮将奈何,浩浩洋洋兮虑殚为河。殚为河兮地不得宁,功无已时兮吾山平。吾山平兮巨野溢,鱼弗郁兮柏冬日。正道弛兮离常流,蛟龙骋兮放远游。归旧川兮神哉沛,不封禅兮安知外。皇谓河公兮何不仁,泛滥不止兮愁吾人。啮桑浮兮淮泗满,久不反兮水维缓。

瓠子歌其二

河汤汤兮激潺湲,北渡污兮浚流难。搴长茭兮沈美玉,河伯许兮薪不属。薪不属兮卫人罪,烧萧条兮噫乎何以御水!穨林竹兮楗石菑,宣房塞兮万福来。天马歌太一贡兮天马下。沾赤汗兮沫流赭。骋容与兮跇万里。今安匹兮龙为友。西极天马歌天马徕从西极。经万里兮归有德。承灵威兮降外国。涉流沙兮四夷服。

李夫人歌

是邪非邪。立而望之。偏何姗姗其来迟。思奉车子侯歌嘉幽兰兮延秀。蕈妖淫兮中溏。华斐斐兮丽景。风徘徊兮流芳。皇天兮无慧。至人逝兮仙乡。天路远兮无期。不觉涕下兮沾裳。

李夫人赋

美连娟以修嫭兮,命樔绝而不长。饰新官以延贮兮,泯不归乎故乡。惨郁郁其芜秽兮,隐处幽而怀伤。释舆马于山椒兮,奄修夜之不阳。秋气憯以凄泪兮,桂枝落而销亡。神茕茕以遥思兮,精浮游而出畺。托沈阴以圹久兮,惜蕃华之未央。念穷极之不还兮,惟幼眇之相羊。函荾荴以俟风兮,芳杂袭以弥章。的容与以猗靡兮,缥飘姚虖愈庄。燕淫衍而抚楹兮,连流视而娥扬。既激感而心逐兮,包红颜而弗明。欢接狎以离别兮,宵寤梦之芒芒。忽迁化而不反兮,魄放逸以飞扬。何灵魄之纷纷兮,哀裴回以踌躇。势路日以远兮,遂荒忽而辞去。超兮西征,屑兮不见。寖淫敞,寂兮无音。思若流波,怛兮在心。乱曰:佳侠函光,陨朱荣兮。嫉妒闟茸,将安程兮。方时隆盛,年夭伤兮。弟子增欷,洿沫怅兮。悲愁於邑,喧不可止兮。向不虚应,亦云己兮。嫶妍太息,叹稚子兮。懰栗不言,倚所恃兮。仁者不誓,岂约亲兮?既往不来,申以信兮。去彼昭昭,就冥冥兮。既不新宫,不复故庭兮。呜呼哀哉,想魂灵兮!

柏梁台诗(作者:刘彻及群臣)(汉武帝柏梁台联句诗,其故事背景始见于《三辅黄图·台榭》,称其诗为联句诗体始见于刘勰《文心雕龙·明诗》,其联句诗内容始见于《古文苑》卷八、《艺文类聚》卷五十六和《三秦记》等书篇。清代以前的学者不仅皆以为其联句诗为中国七言诗的源头,并认为由此创立的。柏梁诗体是联句诗体的鼻祖。)

汉武帝元封三年,作柏梁台,诏群臣二千石有能为七言诗,乃得上坐。

日月星辰和四时。骖驾驷马从梁来。郡国士马羽林材。总领天下诚难治。和抚四夷不易哉。刀笔之吏臣执之。撞钟伐鼓声中诗。宗室广大日益滋。周卫交戟禁不时。总领从官柏梁台。平理请谳决嫌疑。修饰与马待驾来。郡国吏功差次之。乘舆御物主治之。陈粟万石扬以箕。徼道宫下随讨治。三辅盗贼天下危。盗阻南山为民灾。外家公主不可治。椒房率更领其材。蛮夷朝贺常会期。柱枅欂栌相枝持。枇杷橘栗桃李梅。走狗逐兔张罘罳。啮妃女唇甘如饴。迫窘诘屈几穷哉。落叶哀蝉曲罗袂兮无声,玉墀兮尘生。虚房冷而寂寞,落叶依于重扃。望彼美之女兮,安得感余心之未宁?

对于汉武帝的人物争议。

征和二年的巫蛊之祸是汉武帝末年封建统治集团内部发生的重大政治事件。武帝用法严厉,任用的多是严苛残酷的官吏;而太子待人宽厚,经常将一些他认为处罚过重的事从轻发落。太子这样做虽然得百姓之心,但那些执法大臣都不高兴。“卫青薨,臣下无复外家为据,竞欲构太子”。群臣中,为人宽厚的都依附太子。而用法严苛的则都诋毁太子。由于奸邪的臣子大多结党,所以为太子说好话的少,说坏话的多。卫青去世后,那些臣子认为太子不再有母家的靠山,便竞相陷害太子。

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