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第490章 赵世家14(1 / 2)

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九年,与韩、魏共击秦,秦败我,斩首八万级。齐败我观泽。十年,秦取我中都及西阳。齐破燕。燕相子之为君,君反为臣。十一年,王召公子职于韩,立以为燕王,"使乐池送之。十三年,秦拔我蔺,虏将军赵庄。楚、魏王来,过邯郸。十四年,赵何攻魏。十六年,秦惠王卒。

王游大陵。他日,王梦见处女鼓琴而歌诗曰:"美人荧荧兮,颜若苕之荣。命乎命乎,曾无我嬴!"异日,王饮酒乐,数言所梦,想见其状。吴广闻之,因夫人而内其女娃嬴。孟姚也。孟姚甚有宠于王,是为惠后。十七年,王出九门,为野台,以望齐、中山之境。十八年,秦武王与孟说举龙文赤鼎,绝膑而死。赵王使代相赵固迎公子稷于燕,送归,立为秦王,是为昭王。

十九年春正月,大朝信宫。召肥义与议天下,五日而毕。王北略中山之地,至于房子,遂之代,北至无穷,西至河,登黄华之上。召楼缓谋曰:"我先王因世之变,以长南籓之地,属阻漳、滏之险,立长城,又取蔺、郭狼,败林人于荏,而功未遂。今中山在我腹心,北有燕,东有胡,西有林胡、楼烦、秦、韩之边,而无强兵之救,是亡社稷,柰何?夫有高世之名,必有遗俗之累。

吾欲胡服。"楼缓曰:"善。"群臣皆不欲。于是肥义侍,王曰:"简、襄主之烈,计胡、翟之利。为人臣者,宠有孝弟长幼顺明之节,通有补民益主之业,此两者臣之分也。今吾欲继襄主之迹,开于胡、翟之乡,而卒世不见也。为敌弱,用力少而功多,可以毋尽百姓之劳,而序往古之勋。

夫有高世之功者,负遗俗之累;有独智之虑者,任骜民之怨。今吾将胡服骑射以教百姓,而世必议寡人,柰何?"肥义曰:"臣闻疑事无功,疑行无名。王既定负遗俗之虑,殆无顾天下之议矣。夫论至德者不和于俗,成大功者不谋于众。昔者舜舞有苗,禹袒裸国,非以养欲而乐志也,务以论德而约功也。愚者暗成事,智者睹未形,则王何疑焉。"

王曰:"吾不疑胡服也,吾恐天下笑我也。狂夫之乐,智者哀焉;愚者所笑,贤者察焉。世有顺我者,胡服之功未可知也。虽驱世以笑我,胡地中山吾必有之。"于是遂胡服矣。使王绁告公子成曰:"寡人胡服,将以朝也,亦欲叔服之。家听于亲而国听于君,古今之公行也。子不反亲,臣不逆君,兄弟之通义也。

今寡人作教易服而叔不服,吾恐天下议之也。制国有常,利民为本;从政有经,令行为上。明德先论于贱,而行政先信于贵。今胡服之意,非以养欲而乐志也;事有所止而功有所出,事成功立,然后善也。今寡人恐叔之逆从政之经,以辅叔之议。且寡人闻之,事利国者行无邪,因贵戚者名不累,故原慕公叔之义,以成胡服之功。使绁谒之叔,请服焉。"

公子成再拜稽首曰:"臣固闻王之胡服也。臣不佞,寝疾,未能趋走以滋进也。王命之,臣敢对,因竭其愚忠。曰:臣闻中国者,盖聪明徇智之所居也,万物财用之所聚也,贤圣之所教也,仁义之所施也,诗书礼乐之所用也,异敏技能之所试也,远方之所观赴也,蛮夷之所义行也。今王舍此而袭远方之服,变古之教,易古人道,逆人之心,而怫学者,离中国,故臣原王图之也。"

使者以报。王曰:"吾固闻叔之疾也,我将自往请之。"王遂往之公子成家,因自请之,曰:"夫服者,所以便用也;礼者,所以便事也。圣人观乡而顺宜,因事而制礼,所以利其民而厚其国也。夫翦发文身,错臂左衽,瓯越之民也。黑齿雕题,却冠秫绌,大吴之国也。故礼服莫同,其便一也。乡异而用变,事异而礼易。是以圣人果可以利其国,不一其用;果可以便其事,不同其礼。

儒者一师而俗异,中国同礼而教离,况于山谷之便乎?故去就之变,智者不能一;远近之服,贤圣不能同。穷乡多异,曲学多辩。不知而不疑,异于己而不非者,公焉而众求尽善也。今叔之所言者俗也,吾所言者所以制俗也。吾国东有河、薄洛之水,与齐、中山同之,东有燕、东胡之境,而西有楼烦、秦、韩之边,今无骑射之备。

故寡人无舟楫之用,夹水居之民,将何以守河、薄洛之水;变服骑射,以备燕、三胡、秦、韩之边。且昔者简主不塞晋阳以及上党,而襄主并戎取代以攘诸胡,此愚智所明也。先时中山负齐之强兵,侵暴吾地,系累吾民,引水围鄗,微社稷之神灵,则鄗几于不守也。先王丑之,而怨未能报也。今骑射之备,近可以便上党之形,而远可以报中山之怨。

而叔顺中国之俗以逆简、襄之意,恶变服之名以忘鄗事之丑,非寡人之所望也。"公字成再拜稽首曰:"臣愚,不达于王之义,敢道世俗之闻,臣之罪也。今王将继简、襄之意以顺先王之志,臣敢不听命乎!"再拜稽首。乃赐胡服。明日,服而朝。于是始出胡服令也。赵文、赵造、周袑、赵俊皆谏止王毋胡服,如故法便。

这章没有结束,请点击下一页继续阅读!王曰:"先王不同俗,何古之法?帝王不相袭,何礼之循?虙戏、神农教而不诛,黄帝、尧、舜诛而不怒。及至三王,随时制法,因事制礼。法度制令各顺其宜,衣服器械各便其用。故礼也不必一道,而便国不必古。圣人之兴也不相袭而王,夏、殷之衰也不易礼而灭。然则反古未可非,而循礼未足多也。

且服奇者志淫,则是邹、鲁无奇行也;俗辟者民易,则是吴、越无秀士也。且圣人利身谓之服,便事谓之礼。夫进退之节,衣服之制者,所以齐常民也,非所以论贤者也。故齐民与俗流,贤者与变俱。故谚曰'以书御者不尽马之情,以古制今者不达事之变'。循法之功,不足以高世;法古之学,不足以制今。子不及也。"

遂胡服招骑射。二十年,王略中山地,至宁葭;西略胡地,至榆中。林胡王献马。归,使楼缓之秦,仇液之韩,王贲之楚,富丁之魏,赵爵之齐。代相赵固主胡,致其兵。二十一年,攻中山。赵袑为右军,许钧为左军,公子章为中军,王并将之。牛翦将车骑,赵希并将胡、代。赵与之陉,合军曲阳,攻取丹丘、华阳、鸱之塞。

王军取鄗、石邑、封龙、东垣。中山献四邑和,王许之,罢兵。二十三年,攻中山。二十五年,惠后卒。使周袑胡服傅王子何。二十六年,复攻中山,攘地北至燕、代,西至云中、九原。二十七年五月戊申,大朝于东宫,传国,立王子何以为王。王庙见礼毕,出临朝。大夫悉为臣,肥义为相国,并傅王。是为惠文王。

惠文王,惠后吴娃子也。武灵王自号为主父。主父欲令子主治国,而身胡服将士大夫西北略胡地,而欲从云中、九原直南袭秦,于是诈自为使者入秦。秦昭王不知,已而怪其状甚伟,非人臣之度,使人逐之,而主父驰已脱关矣。审问之,乃主父也。秦人大惊。主父所以入秦者,欲自略地形,因观秦王之为人也。

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