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第400章 楚国历代君主(1 / 2)

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熊绎为鬻熊的曾孙,后被周成王封为子爵,建立楚国。

公元前1042年~公元前1006年在位,在位37年。

熊绎僻在荆山(近湖北省保康县龙坪镇),率部族居江上楚蛮之地,

历史评价他是:"筚路蓝缕,以启山林",以桃弧棘矢供奉周天子。

周初,周成王盟会诸侯,熊绎出使受到冷遇。熊绎回来后告之群臣,立志发愤图强,发展生产,扩大疆土。通过几代人的努力,从熊绎到熊渠,疆域不断扩展,国力不断增强,由一个方圆不足百里的小国发展成泱泱大国。

熊绎曾与齐国第二代君主齐丁公、卫国第二代君主卫康伯、晋国第二代君主晋侯燮和周公旦之子鲁公伯禽共事周成王。周成王分三位诸侯以珍宝之器。

而同是周康王的熊绎却无分。

春秋时代的公元前530年,楚灵王仍然提起此事。

熊绎,芈姓,熊氏,名绎,熊狂之子,祝融氏分支鬻熊一支的后裔。

周成王时代,成王感念其曾祖父鬻熊的功劳,于是便把熊绎封为楚君,赐"子男"田地。

熊绎曾参加岐阳之会(今陕西岐山县东北),管理置茅缩酒,并与鲜卑酋长一起"守燎"。

后来周成王分三位诸侯以珍宝之器。而同时周康王的熊绎却无分。

熊绎受到冷遇后,便回来后告之群臣,立志发愤图强,发展生产,扩大疆土。

通过几代人的努力,从熊绎到熊渠,疆域不断扩展,国力不断增强,由一个方圆不足百里的小国发展成泱泱大国。

正是这种荜路蓝缕的精神成为楚国强盛的立国之本,也成为中华民族史上艰苦创业的典范。

《史记·楚世家》中记载:西周初期楚人领袖熊绎:"当成王之时,举文、武勤劳之后嗣,而封熊绎于楚蛮,封以子男之田,姓芈氏,居丹阳。"。

此一论述认为商末周初,楚先人祝融的后裔从北方迁徙至"丹阳"。

这是楚人首次自中原进入湖北省内,也是楚国首次得到周王室的正式承认。

据考古学家刘玉堂、王红星、高崇文研究,古"丹阳"当位于丹水和淅水交汇之处(今湖北省丹江口水库淹没区),因处丹水之北,故称为丹阳。

熊绎及其后代是江汉流域最早的开发者,他们的创业历史是艰苦卓绝的。

《左传》昭公十二年:"昔我先王熊绎辟在荆山,筚路蓝缕,以处草莽,跋涉山川I,以事天子。"

荆山,在今湖北省西部,汉江两岸。

《左传》宣公十二年:"楚自克庸以来,其君无日不讨国人而训之于民生之不易,祸至之无日,戒惧之不可以怠。

在军,无日不讨军实而申儆于胜之不可保,纣之百克而卒无后。

训之以若敖、蚧冒筚路蓝缕,以启山林。箴之日:'民生在勤,勤则不匮。

《左传》中两次言及到"筚路蓝缕",皆指楚国熊绎至熊仪(若敖)、熊胸(蚧冒)等十余代君王。

可见楚国在建国以后的相当长的时期,都过着艰苦奋斗的穷日子。

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