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第386章 秦国历代君主13(1 / 2)

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张仪害怕被杀,便对秦武王说:“东方诸国有乱秦国才可以得利,我愿意利用齐王憎恨我这一点前往魏国,齐国必然攻魏,两国开战胶着之际,秦国可趁隙伐韩,兵临周都,挟持天子,成就帝王功业。”

秦武王认为他说的对,就准备了三十辆兵车,送张仪到魏国。齐湣王听说张仪在魏国,果然派军攻打魏国,魏哀王很害怕。此时张仪派遣他的门客冯喜到楚国,再借用楚国的使臣出使齐国,成功游说齐湣王罢兵,获得安全。

假道伐韩

秦武王是中国历史上极为锋锐的君主,重武好战,有问鼎中原之志。即位不久,就意欲攻打韩国。韩国军事重镇宜阳,是周国与韩国阻挡秦国东进最为重要的屏障,秦军若想兵出函谷关,首先必须掌控此地,才可以保证物资与兵员的输通顺畅。

秦武王借一机会请教左右丞相甘茂和樗里疾,对他意欲灭掉周王室、得到应有威望的想法有何见解,实则是询问攻打韩国夺取宜阳之计。

伐韩一事,樗里疾表示反对,因为到韩国的路途遥远,劳师费财,还不一定能有收获,万一赵、魏二国再从背后偷袭后果不堪设想。而甘茂则认为:“伐宜阳,定三川”是秦国挺进中原、成就帝业的关键所在。伐韩宜阳,必先破韩魏联盟,只要魏国助秦,赵国就不能越魏而援韩,韩一旦被孤立,宜阳虽然城池坚固,兵精粮足,但也有可能被秦军攻破。甘茂自请入魏,声言将使魏王不但不偷袭秦军,而且还会出兵助秦。武王大喜,赐予甘茂很多财物,令其出使魏国。

秦武王三年(前308年)秋,甘茂出使魏国,以“共享伐韩之利”为诱饵,争取魏王,并施以政治军事压力,与其建立了秦魏联盟,魏国答应出兵助秦,共伐韩国。甘茂返回秦国后,与秦武王订立息壤之盟,秦武王表示将全力支持甘茂,派其与庶长封率军攻打宜阳。

甘茂攻打宜阳五个月还未能攻下,秦国大臣樗里疾和公孙奭提出反对意见。秦武王想召甘茂回国,打算退兵。甘茂说:“息壤之盟就在那里,大王您可不要忘记。”秦武王于是增兵五万,派乌获前往协助甘茂。甘茂亦散私财以赏部下,秦军果然士气大振,击退韩国援兵。

秦武王四年(前307年),秦军攻克宜阳孤城,斩首六万。秦军乘胜渡过黄河,夺取武遂(今山西垣曲东南)并筑城,韩襄王被迫派公仲倗到秦国谢罪,同秦国议和。

意外身亡

秦武王争强好胜,大力士任鄙、乌获、孟说都因此位居高官。秦武王四年(前307年)八月,秦武王与孟说比赛举“龙文赤鼎”,结果两眼出血,胫骨折断,到了晚上,气绝而亡,年仅23岁 。秦武王无子,群臣迎立秦武王异母弟、在燕国作人质的公子稷回国继位,是为秦昭襄王。

为政举措

连横魏秦

秦武王重视齐使,以示秦、齐夹击韩、魏之形,断绝韩、魏趁秦武王新立攻秦妄想。 又派樗里疾与韩使欢娱,叙秦韩之好,以此羁縻韩国。樗里疾的母亲是韩女,秦武王的母亲是魏女,是秦惠文王与魏襄王结盟时定下的姻亲。此时,齐国孟尝君为齐相,压迫魏国,魏国权衡利弊,在秦齐之间左右摇摆。秦武王元年(前310年),秦武王与魏襄王在临晋(今大荔东)相会,巩固秦、魏联盟 。通过一系列紧张的外交活动,秦武王稳住周边邻国,使其不能趁秦新君初立图秦。其后,开始着手解决秦国中央的魏籍权臣问题,然而因秦武王意外身死,并未完全执行。

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