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第280章 南越列传中的赵佗(1 / 1)

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“《史记·南越列传》

南越王尉佗者,真定人也,姓赵氏。秦时已并天下,略定杨越,置桂林、南海、象郡,以谪徙民,与越杂处十三岁。佗,秦时用为南海龙川令。至二世时,南海尉任嚣病且死,召龙川令赵佗语曰:“闻陈胜等作乱,秦为无道,天下苦之,项羽、刘季、陈胜、吴广等州郡各共兴军聚众,虎争天下,中国扰乱,未知所安,豪杰畔秦相立。南海僻远,吾恐盗兵侵地至此,吾欲兴兵绝新道,自备,待诸侯变,会病甚。且番禺负山险,阻南海,东西数千里,颇有中国人相辅,此亦一州之主也,可以立国。郡中长吏无足与言者,故召公告之。”即被佗书,行南海尉事。嚣死,佗即移檄告横浦、阳山、湟谿关曰:“盗兵且至,急绝道聚兵自守!”因稍以法诛秦所置长吏,以其党为假守。秦已破灭,佗即击并桂林、象郡,自立为南越武王。高帝已定天下,为中国劳苦,故释佗弗诛。汉十一年,遣陆贾因立佗为南越王,与剖符通使,和集百越,毋为南边患害,与长沙接境。

高后时,有司请禁南越关市铁器。佗曰:“高帝立我,通使物,今高后听谗臣,别异蛮夷,隔绝器物,此必长沙王计也,欲倚中国,击灭南越而并王之,自为功也。”於是佗乃自尊号为南越武帝,发兵攻长沙边邑,败数县而去焉。高后遣将军隆虑侯灶往击之。会暑湿,士卒大疫,兵不能逾岭。岁馀,高后崩,即罢兵。佗因此以兵威边,财物赂遗闽越、西瓯、骆,役属焉,东西万馀里。乃乘黄屋左纛,称制,与中国侔。

及孝文帝元年,初镇抚天下,使告诸侯四夷从代来即位意,喻盛德焉。乃为佗亲冢在真定,置守邑,岁时奉祀。召其从昆弟,尊官厚赐宠之。诏丞相陈平等举可使南越者,平言好畤陆贾,先帝时习使南越。乃召贾以为太中大夫,往使。因让佗自立为帝,曾无一介之使报者。陆贾至南越,王甚恐,为书谢,称曰:“蛮夷大长老夫臣佗,前日高后隔异南越,窃疑长沙王谗臣,又遥闻高后尽诛佗宗族,掘烧先人冢,以故自弃,犯长沙边境。且南方卑湿,蛮夷中间,其东闽越千人众号称王,其西瓯骆*国亦称王。老臣妄窃帝号,聊以自娱,岂敢以闻天王哉!”乃顿首谢,原长为籓臣,奉贡职。於是乃下令国中曰:“吾闻两雄不俱立,两贤不并世。皇帝,贤天子也。自今以後,去帝制黄屋左纛。”陆贾还报,孝文帝大说。遂至孝景时,称臣,使人朝请。然南越其居国窃如故号名,其使天子,称王朝命如诸侯。至建元四年卒。”

以上就是《史记》上司马迁对于赵佗的记载。

可以说,赵佗从原本的秦国官吏,到后面,趁秦国内乱,无暇顾及的时候,他趁机独立出来。

有人说赵佗如果肯带领边军勤王,只怕也不会让秦国,那么早就灭亡了。。。。。?

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