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第43章 问诊2(1 / 2)

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今天他们遇到的患者是李女士,一位看起来颇为疲惫的家庭主妇,神情疲惫,手中捧着胃部的酸痛。虽然衣着不凡,但是很明显受到的病情的纠缠,导致脸色很差。照说这样的家庭境况,不至于延医用药不及时。很明显一直没有找到很好的解决方法。

问诊开始:

李女士(稍显紧张地坐下,揉着胃部):

“老先生,我最近一段时间胃口不好,吃得少,吃什么都不舒服。胃常常会疼,胀气,有时候还会呕酸水,感觉像有东西卡在胸口。这些症状已经有一个月了,偶尔还会感到恶心,胃里时常觉得空空的,特别是工作压力大时,胃痛更加明显……”

文老(沉稳地观察患者,眼神睿智):

“胃痛多久了?早晚有区别吗?是否伴有食欲不振或体重下降?是否感到胃脘部有沉重感,或是有嗳气、泛酸等现象?”

李女士(皱眉回忆,神色忧虑):

“嗯…已经有一个月了吧,痛的时间不固定,吃东西时痛得厉害,早晨空腹的时候也会有。食欲倒是有点下降,尤其是没胃口,晚上不想吃东西。最近一段时间,压力特别大,总是想着家里的事,有时候吃饭也都匆匆忙忙的,根本不怎么好好吃。”

林婉儿(心里思考:胃脘痛很可能是脾胃虚弱引起的,患者长期精神压力过大,脾胃虚弱,气机不畅。她快速记下症状,分析病因):“患者胃口差,胃脘痛,空腹时症状明显,考虑脾胃气虚,气滞所致。”

文老(用手指轻轻敲桌面,认真思考):

“有没有偶尔感到胸闷、嗳气、口苦或口干?你最近有出现大便干燥或者胃部胀气的情况吗?”

李女士(想了想,点了点头):

“有,尤其是吃饭后胃里常常有种沉沉的感觉,饭后总是有点嗳气。最近这几天胃胀得很厉害,肚子里就像有气泡一样。”

林婉儿(认真地分析):

“根据患者的症状,胃脘痛伴随食欲不振、胸闷、嗳气、胀气、泛酸等,推测是脾胃虚弱,气滞血瘀,胃气虚弱未能承受食物的消化,导致不适。”

文老(沉思片刻,给林婉儿一个指引):

“好,你的思路差不多。再仔细问问,是否有偶尔腹泻或者便秘的情况,是否气短,面色是否萎黄,或者皮肤容易发干。”

李女士(有些犹豫地回答):

“嗯,倒是没有便秘,也没有腹泻,就是有时候大便比较干,可能是最近不怎么吃东西吧。面色倒是有些苍白,感觉也没什么气力,皮肤也确实有点干。”

林婉儿(心里进一步推敲):

“脾胃虚弱,气血不足,可能与气滞和血瘀的症状重合。患者长期精神压力过大,饮食不规律,脾胃的消化吸收功能出现了障碍,正是脾胃虚弱、气滞血瘀所导致的胃脘痛。”

文老(点头表示同意):

“好的,按照你的分析,确实符合脾胃虚弱的表现。现在开始开方,但不能光治胃痛,要考虑调理脾胃,疏通气机,补气养血。”

林婉儿(默默思索,开始整理方剂思路):“治疗胃脘痛,首先要补脾益气,健脾养胃,同时化湿和理气,疏通胃肠气机。方剂可以考虑以四君子汤为基础,加入陈皮、香附来疏通气机,同时加入茯苓健脾渗湿,配合一些养血的草药。”

文老(点了点头,给予指导):

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