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天地任我行(1 / 2)

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苏澈走了一步,看着书架上的书,不禁翻看了起来。

《易经》是阐述天地世间关于万象变化的古老经典,是博大精深的辩证法哲学书。包括《连山》、《归藏》、《周易》三部易书,其中《连山》和《归藏》已经失传,现存于世的只有《周易》。《易经》被誉为诸经之首大道之源”,是中华传统文化的总纲领,蕴涵着朴素深刻的自然法则和和谐辨证思想,是中华民族五千年智慧的结晶。[1]

《易经》从整体的角度去认识和把握世界,把人与自然看做是一个互相感应的有机整体,即“天人合一”。《易经》长期被用作“卜筮”。“卜筮”就是对未来事态的发展进行预测,而《易经》便是总结这些预测的规律理论的书。《易经》含盖万有,纲纪群伦,是中华文化的杰出代表;广大精微,包罗万象,亦是中华文明的源头。其内容涉及哲学、政治、生活、文学、艺术、科学等诸多领域,是群经之首,儒家、道家共同的经典。

《易经》是远古文明的产物,是我国自然科学和社会科学融为一体的哲理性很强的着作。《易经》分为三部,天皇氏时代《连山》、《归藏》,秦汉时期的易书《周易》,并称为“三易”(另有一说三本书均作于远古)。远古时代人们定天象、法地仪,观象授时,创制历法与易书等,文明肇始。《春秋命历序》:“天地开辟,万物浑浑,无知无识;阴阳所凭,天体始于北极之野…日月五纬一轮转;天皇出焉…定天之象,法地之仪,作干支以定日月度。”古人很早开始就探索宇宙的奥秘,并由此演绎出了一套完整深奥的观星文化。远古时期古人“观象授时”,并确定天干地支及阴阳五行、八卦原理。八卦与干支时间以及方位是联系在一起的,它们同属一个系统。远古早已有之的时空、阴阳观念,发展成为一个系统的世界观,用阴阳、乾坤、刚柔的对立统一来解释宇宙万物和人类社会的一切变化。《连山》、《归藏》是我国远古时代的文化典籍,有说《连山》与《归藏》不是失传了,而是被改了名为先天八卦和后天八卦,又或其它名称。也有说《连山》与《归藏》于汉代后下落不明或被儒道吸收作经或亡佚。此二易成为中华文化领域里的千古之谜。

《易经》认为天地万物都处在永不停息的发展之中,其阐述的就是这个“自然而然”的规律,这个规律被称为“道“。这规律揭示了整个宇宙的特性,囊括了天地间所有事物的属性。“易”,一是“变易”、二是“简易”、三是“不易”。变易,指变化之道,万事万物时时刻刻都在变化。简易,一阴一阳,囊括了万种事物之理;有天就有地,有上就有下,有前就有后,都是相反相成,对立统一。不易,虽世间的事物错综复杂,变化多端,但是有一样东西永远不变的,那就是规律;天地运行,四季轮换,寒暑交替,冬寒夏热,月盈则亏,日午则偏,物极必反,这便是规律。万事万物的发展皆有“定数”与“变数”,定数有规可循而变数无规可循;定数中含有变数,变数中又含有定数,无论定数还是变数其大局皆不变。易有太极,太极生二仪,二仪生四象,四象生八卦。八卦成列,象在其中矣;因而重之,爻在其中矣;刚柔相推,变在其中矣;系辞焉而命之,动在其中矣。

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