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医学无数经典(1 / 2)

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《小品方》内容丰富,可谓帝朝的一部包罗广泛的小百科全书,在当时具有相当影响,被视为与《伤寒沦》具有同样重要意义的经典作品。

同时又是一部门径书,所谓“童幼始学治病者,亦应先习此《小品》,以为入门”。

正由于此,在本书散佚之前,影响极大,帝朝太医署规定《小品方》为学生心修课程。

疯门全书帝朝太医肖晓亭着,后被收纳进神农门。

该书对麻风病的传染性传播途径及预防之法认识颇为正确,对症状体证之描述逼真而通俗,治疗原则他强调:“总以凉血和血为主,驱风驱湿为佐,审元气之虚实,按六经以分治,斯治疗之要道”。

他不同意本病必定复发或不能根除之说,认为其原因多因中断治疗或治疗不彻底所致。

肖氏对本病提出内治九法(统治、分治、缓治、峻治、补治、泻治、兼治、类治、余治);外治六法(针、灸、烧、熏洗、烂、敷)等,列有处方近170首,内容丰富,且善用大枫子肉。

外科正功是由和神农门齐名的百草堂第十任堂主陈实功所着。

在学术思想上,陈氏兼顾内外,较重外治,强凋“开户逐贼”,“使毒外出为第一”,常用刀针相腐蚀药清除坏死组织,以扩创引流。

在护理上主张加强营养,反对无原则禁忌。

在当时外科普遍重视内治的气氛中,他的这些主张,具有革新倾向。

载方丰富,集唐以来外科外敷内服方药之大成。

创造和记叙了当时多种外科先进技术,如截肢,鼻息肉摘除,气管缝合、咽喉部异物剔除术,以及用枯痔散、枯痔钉、挂线法治疗痔屡等方法。

记载多种肿瘤,其中对乳癌的描述和预后判断,全面具体,切合实际。

其所创之和荣散坚丸、阿魏化坚膏,能缓和恶性肿瘸“失荣”患者之症状,延长其存活期。

后世对《外科正宗》的评价甚高,《四库全书总目提要》评为:“列证最详,论治最精”。

食疗专草,作者不详,生平不详。

所载药物按类编排,药名下注药性(温、平、寒、冷),不注药味;次载功效、禁忌及单方等,其间或夹有药物形态、修治、产地等论述。

有些药条内容被“案”或“案经”字样分作前后两部分。

残卷中的“案经”,在《证类本草》中均作“谨按”,一般认为此下文字系张氏增补。

书中收载了不少当时本草文献未载之食药,如鳜鱼、鲈鱼、石首鱼、胡荽、白苣、绿豆、荞麦等。

又记述了动物脏器疗法和藻菌类植物的食疗作用。

所录波斯石蜜、高昌榆白皮等,反映了亚洲中部地区使用食疗品的情况。

在醋、杨梅等十几种食疗品的论述中,还涉及到食物疗法的地区性。

对某些食物的禁忌及多食、久食可能产生的副作用时有记述。

如云河豚“有毒,不可食之,其肝毒杀人”;安石榴“多食损齿令黑”等。

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