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BRT系统的车辆一般运行在专用车道或道路上,享有专有路权。快速公交专用车道设置方式有多种形式,常用的有中央式专用车道、单侧双向专用车道、两侧专用车道、逆向专用车道以及高架路下的公交专用车道等几种形式;此外,还有城市设置公交专用道路,仅供公交专用,常见的设置方式有全封闭的高架专用道路、全封闭的专用地道和常规公交专用道路。

快速公交系统的车站与枢纽设施是为停靠车辆和公交乘客上下车使用。快速公交系统修建与公交车辆车厢底板等高的候车站台,还可以采用低底盘的公交车辆,以起到乘客快速平稳地水平上下车的作用。

快速公交站点位置一般设有超车道,以保证运行车辆避开到站车辆超车。车站和超车道设置位置可以偏移,从而减少公交道路的宽度。

快速公交系统的车辆采用不同于普通公交的新型大容量公交车辆,采用大型铰接车型以提高系统的运输能力及降低平均运营成本,采用对环境影响比较小的清洁公交车辆也成为发展趋势。快速公交车要外观统一、色彩鲜艳,具有吸引力。

快速公交系统的线路灵活多样,总体来看,有以下形式:一是采用单一线路,与轨道交通类似,二是多条组合线路。与轨道交通线路相比,快速公交线路的组成的灵活性更大,主要是因为快速公交系统的不同线路可以在主要走廊上互相组合,当然,线路也可在干线的起终点向外灵活延伸。

线路结构的选择能够影响BRT系统的经济性、车辆性能和发车频率,应该与出行需求及通行能力相匹配。

收费系统是快速公交系统的重要组成部分,收费系统的设置与其运营管理体制相关,收费方式与轨道交通类似,即在车站或枢纽点上完成收费,从而有利于乘客快速上下车,可以提高整个系统的运营效率。收费形式包括使用硬币、磁条、票据和智能卡4种。

由于在公交专用道上行驶,交叉路口又有公交车的优先通行权,使公交车的行驶车速比一般车辆高;BRT公交车站的水平登车和车外售票方式,使BRT车辆在车站内的滞留时间减少,从而提高了运营速度。BRT的运营速度应比常规公交车高30%~100%,与轻轨接近。

BRT的运营速度也取决于车道类型和服务模式。BRT车辆在一站不停式或专用高速公路车道上行驶的话,每小时的速度一般会达到60~80km。如果服务模式包括专用车道上的停靠站点,一般情况下,每小时的平均速度为30~50km,这取决于车站间隔和车辆停留的时间。在同样的运营环境下,这样的速度与轻轨不相上下。

这种车可以说是一个地面上的地铁,但是还是有明显得区别的。比如brt还是需要等红绿灯的,而地铁不要。

“乘客朋友们,终点站到了,请您拿好你们的行李下车。”过了半小时左右,公交车里面开始播报了。

未完待续……

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