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第131章 数学(三)(1 / 2)

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黎明朗:“两点确定一条线,三点确定一个面,四点确定一个体。”

“两点之间线段最短。三点确定的面中,三角形最稳定,其中正三角形最特殊。四点确定的体,为四面体,每个面都是正三角形的叫做正四面体。”

“主要给大家讲述正四面体的一些特别的地方。”

“设有一正四面体丁-甲乙丙棱长为1。”

以甲乙边为甲轴,乙为顶点甲乙丙所属平面为甲零乙面建系。

四个顶点的坐标依次为:

甲:(1,0,0)

乙:(0,0,0)

丙:(1/2,√3/2,0)

丁:(1/2,√3/6,√6/3)

黎明朗迅速的在黑板上画了一个正四面体。

“现在要在这个正四面体里面找到一个点,到甲乙丙丁四个点的距离相等,证明这个点存在。”

“首先能够确定,这个点的投影肯定在正三角形甲乙丙的内心处。假设这个内心为戊,连接丁戊。则这个点在丁戊线上。”

“点戊的坐标为(1/2,0,1/2)。”

……

“假设最终求出了这个点的坐标,那么这个点必然存在。”

“在这里有个疑问,如何得知丙和丁的坐标?”

“首先,可以确定,丙是落在甲零丙平面内。因此,它在乙轴上的坐标为零。”

“由丙向零甲轴作垂线,可知丙在零甲轴的坐标为1/2。”

……

因此,丙坐标为(1/2,√3/2,0)。

……

“在这里有一个性质:直角三角形中,有一个角为三十度,那么,这三个边有这样的比例关系:1:√3:2。”

接着,黎明朗又画了一个二维直角坐标系。

“大家可以看出,这个直角三角形甲乙丙中,三十度角顶点设为乙(甲,1),另一个直角顶点为(甲,0),那么长度零(丙)乙\u003d√甲^2+1^2。”

“如何证明甲\u003d√3?”

“我们不妨再延长乙甲至丁,使丁甲\u003d乙甲,连接零丁。则可知道,三角形丙乙丁为正三角形。则有乙丁\u003d2甲乙\u003d2甲。即是丙乙\u003d2。”

“于是,我们可以得到2\u003d√甲^2+1^2,我们可以得出甲^2\u003d3。那么,甲\u003d√3。”

“这一性质是通用的,不管三角形边长如何变,它们的比例是一个定数。”

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