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第220章 商讨(1 / 2)

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除了真金白银的高价买,还能有什么办法让土豪们心甘情愿的交出粮食呢?

要说钱的话,赵孟启手头还是有一点的,孙家为孙珘俊续命给了五十万贯,查抄刘家有三百多万贯现钱,顾青捉拿倭国海商草野浅也抄没了四五十万贯铜钱,但是这些原本是打算作为水利工程启动资金的,不能轻易动用。

而且燕王要重新经界的事,已经是人尽皆知了,这帮大地主们正恨得牙痒痒,这时候赵孟启找他们买粮,岂不是送上门给他们宰么。

作为整治水利的提倡者,吴潜自然也不愿意动用这笔钱,慎重思考后,恳切地看着赵孟启,“殿下,看来只能把抄没刘家的那十六万亩地卖了……”

“吴公,下官认为此议不妥!”

吴潜话还没说完,江万里就表示反对,“今时两税日益缩减,皆因豪强之家隐漏田税,所以才需经界明产,若是卖田,那绝大多数都会被豪强之家买去,这岂不是助长其势力么?”看书溂

宋朝是在五代乱世后建立起来的,之所以不抑制土地兼并是由于历史原因导致的,但是对于通过兼并土地膨胀起来的豪强势力的危害又有着清新认识。

在允许土地自由交易的情况下,朝廷也试图通过制度和政策来抑制豪强势力。

原则上来讲,除了皇帝偶有特旨,全天下的田土都是需要缴纳正税的,而不是像明朝那样有功名就可以免税,并且税制的初衷就是田多的多交税,财产多的多交税,也就是户等制。

当然,实际情况中,宋朝朝政收入的结构很复杂,作为农业税的两税在整体比例中逐年下降,在此时甚至不到五分之一了。

宋代的两税并不高,“亩收一石,输官一斗”实际上就是什一税,但是除此之外还有名目繁多的加税以及徭役,这些才是百姓负担的大头。

简化来说,一个农民租佃一亩田,一年收获三石稻米,那其中一石交给官府,一石交租,剩下一石才是自己的。

而官户,也就是有官身的人家不免税但免徭役,并且有的是办法逃避加税,这样一来财富就像滚雪球一样膨胀,以财增势,以势谋财,压榨小民的同时,也侵吞国家利益。

“古之兼并,兼民利也,今之兼并,又并公税也。”

“厥今赋税何如哉?不均之弊有二:有兼并之弊、有流徙之弊。何谓兼并之弊?富者地,日以益而赋不加多;贫者地,日以削而赋不加少。奸民欲计免于赋役者,割数亩之地,加之数倍之赋,而收其少半之直,于是其富者地连阡陌,膏腴沃壤奄而有之。其贫者曾无尺地以置锥托足,方且困于重役,迫于追呼,此所谓兼并之弊也。”

“贫民产去税存,不堪追呼之扰,富家业多税少,益长兼并之势。”

“兼并之家,侵刻小民、阴夺官利,奸胥猾吏,夤夜作弊,走弄出入,不可稽考。”

有宋一代,朝野上下的有识之士都很重视这个问题,呼吁抑制兼并势力的舆论要远高于保护富人利益的声音。

这也反向说明,兼并成为了大宋社会的普遍现象,对国家造成的危害日益严重。

越来越多的土地集中到了豪强手中,朝廷的税收自然就越来越少。

历史上的五六年后,朝廷财政实在撑不下去了,于是掌权后的贾似道不得不推行‘公田法’,也就是将豪强手中超出规定外的田产由朝廷强制赎买。

那个时候,田价已经涨到了一千贯纸币一亩,但朝廷哪里还有钱,只能以四十贯一亩的价格赎买,还是用超印的纸币和已经不值钱的官告度牒来支付。

公田法的本意是抑制豪强兼并,不过在实际实施过程中,地方官员们不敢过于得罪有权有势之家,为了完成任务就把目标转向了中小地主以及富农。

这一做法近乎于掠夺,虽然客观上延续了宋朝十几年的寿命,却极大的损害了地主阶层的利益,主政的贾似道自然也就成为了‘大奸臣’。

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