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第一百一十八章 凉州风云(10)(1 / 2)

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凉州地区的世家大族,最初由汉武帝设立的官员和迁往河西居住的边民形成。

根据《汉纪.孝武帝纪》记载:“徙天下奸猾吏民于边。”

由此可见武帝年间从中原大量进入凉州居住的人民,是以中原社会的中下阶层和罪犯等为主的。这些百姓大多在关中生活不下去,无论是被人所害、时运不济、情势所逼或者是身陷牢狱等等不同的因素,但综观所论,皆是离乡背井,满腹心酸无奈的。

当然,这些人还有一部分是获罪的官员,这些人在开垦河西的过程无论是因为立功,或者因为本就有才华或者胆识,在凉州诸郡里展开新生活之后,都很容易脱颖而出,从而担任本地的地方官吏。

经过时代变迁,这些人所在的家族也就成为了凉州本地的士族。

《汉书.刘屈牦传》就有这方面的记载,“诸太子宾客,尝出入宫门,皆坐诛。其随太子发兵,以反法族。吏士劫略者,皆徙敦煌郡。”

刘屈牦出身大汉宗室,是为汉景帝刘启之孙,汉武帝刘彻之侄,中山靖王刘胜之子。官至左丞相,封澎侯。

这段记载中是刘屈牦在担任左丞相时,巫蛊之案爆发,江充进谗言陷害太子刘据,刘据无奈之下起兵讨伐江充,并攻进丞相府。刘屈氂仓皇逃走,并派长史向汉武帝禀告,武帝由是下诏命刘屈氂平叛,结果大批官员被杀,死者多达数万人。

而在太子刘据事败之后,汉武帝对于其他人员,也就是非出于本心反叛的官吏都被迁徙至敦煌郡充边。

在这批人就诞生了敦煌曹氏这一世家大族。

另外,《汉纪.孝成帝纪》中还记载有位居高官将作大匠的解万年,因为选建昌陵不当,而以劳民伤财之罪,不宜居长安徙敦煌。

《汉书.李寻传》记载有李寻以天官隐士入朝为官,起初依建言得当得以在朝中高升,然而却卷入了欲图政事的贺良纷争中,以虽减死一等获罪,徙边敦煌郡。

其他的范例不一一列举。

有这些可以看出,自汉武帝经略凉州,徙民往居之后,朝中官员除了派赴上任的以外,多半都是因罪而被发配到凉州的。这些人在朝中处境大致相同的官员们,在陌生的环境中无所依靠,最容易称兄道弟,结群成友,形成裙带关系。

除了因罪流放至凉州的朝中官员以外,大量中原汉人进入凉州的另一个原因是出于躲避战祸。

众所周知中原是为兵家必争之地,一旦战乱起便难逃兵戈之苦。当中原遭逢战乱之时,位处边疆又有良田之益的凉州就成了首选之地。

良田之益看似和凉州偏干旱的气候不太符合,然而,事实上凉州的土壤非常适宜耕种。

《汉书.地理志》有记载:“黑水、西河惟雍州。土黄壤。田上上,赋中下。”

凉州之地古属雍州,而雍州的土是为黄土,田为上上等,这说明了凉州部份地方的土壤是很肥沃适合耕种的。

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